Main Article Content
Abstract
The current study aimed to estimate the pigments of some muscles parts taken from cows, sheep and chicken (thigh, chest and back). The chemical content including moisture, protein, lipids and ash, as well as the pH and the water holding capacity have been evaluated. Results showed that the moisture differed among three animals with high percentage of moisture, ash and lipid in back in compared with other parts of cows. while significant difference in the percentage of ash of back with other parts and in protein in chest with other parts of sheep. The significant differences were recorded in percentage of ash of three parts of chicken, also significant differences between chest and back. The water holding capacity of fresh meat samples taken from thigh, chest and back of cows, sheep and chicken significantly differ among samples. pH values which reflect a confect in water holding capacity of meat samples taken from different parts of the body and from different animal. In addition, there was a significant differences in the percentage of the presences of myoglobin, metmyoglobin and oxymyoglobin in different samples taken from different parts of the slaughtered animals.
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References
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References
Abbas, M.F. (1979). Evaluation of some Iraqi meat. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric., Univ. Sulaymaniyah: 143pp. (In Arabic).
Abdel-Aal, H.A. & Mohamed H.M.A. (2011). Changes in the ultrastructure of lamb muscle as influenced by freezing and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Lucr?ri ?tiin?ifice, 56.:286-293.
Aberle, E.D.; Judge, M.D.; Forest, J.C.; Hedric, K.H.B. & Marke, R.A. (2001). Principles of Meat Science. 4th ed. Kendall Hunt. Low: 376pp.
Abid, M.S.; AL-Mosawi, M.T. & AL-Timim, S.S. (2009). Study of Physical Properties of Imported Frozen Chicken Thigh, Iraqi J. Market Res. Consum. Prot., 1(2): 52 -67.
Agena, S.J.M. (2001). Effect of Frozen Meat Period on its Applicability to Consumption, M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric., Univ. Baghdad: 94pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Ani, W.A. (1999). The sausages are made from old chicken meat by adding different percentages of fillers. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Baghdad: 52pp. (In Arabic).
Alaswad, M.B. & Al-Dulaimi, H.H.A. (1987). Study of some chemical changes of frozen sheep meat. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. Zanko, 5(1): 153-166. (In Arabic).
Al-Athari, R.A.A. (2017). Preparation of some plant extracts, diagnosis of their active compounds and study of their effect on the quality characteristics of frozen and frozen beef tablets. Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah: 110pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Awaimer, A.N. & Al-Hawas, Y. (2003). Meat trading. Bulletin of the Day. Agricultural Extension Center. Fac. Agric., King Saud Univ. 3 p. (In Arabic).
Al-Dulaimi, H.H.A. (1981). Chemical, natural and experimental studies on local goat meat, Refrigeration and Freezing Inventory. Mesopotamia J., 22(4): 153-164. (In Arabic).
Al-Dulaimi, H.H.A.; Al-Zubaidi, M.M. & Al-Zamali, R.T. (1991). A chemical study on domestic white turkeys stored in cryosurgery and freezing. J. Mesopotamia, 23(1): 163-170. (In Arabic).
Al-Hisnawi, A.L.D.; A-Khauzai, H.G.H. & Al-Grabi, B.G.M. (2010). Chemical qualitative and bacterial assessment for imported canned corned beef in Diwaniyah city. Qadisiyah J. Vet. Med. Sci., 9(2): 16-22.
Al-Husseiny, K.S.J. (2017). Study some physical and chemical properties of some certain types of meat and the effect of freezing on its. Basrah J. Vet. Res., 16(1): 157-186.
Al-Marzani, N. A.Q.M. (2007). Effect of the use of additives in some chemical, bacteriological and sensory characteristics of the local sterilization. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Mosul: 109pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Moussawi, U.A.H.J. (1995). Manufact- uring Al-Baker of camel meat and the effect of freezing periods on chemical, sensory and microbial properties. Ph. D. Thesis. Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah: 102pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Rubaie, A.M.S.; Hamoudi, S.J. & Al-Mashhadani, J.I.H.) 2007) .Study of some qualitative qualities of meat chicken broiler meat feeding on diets containing chamomile. Egyptian J. Nutr. Feed., 2: 843-856. (In Arabic).
Al-Shfea, A. (2002). Meat Technology (Practical), Univ. Cairo: 470pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Taii, M.A.J. (1987). Meat and Fish Technology. Dar Al Kutb Press, Basrah Univ.: 421pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Taii, M.A.J. & Al-Moussawi, U.A.H.J. (1992). Technology of meat and fish practical. Coll. Agric. Univ. Basrah: 142pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Tamimi, S.S.; Al-Moussawi, M.T. & Sahib, M. (2009). Study of the physical properties of imported frozen chicken thighs. Iraqi J. Market Res. Consumer Prot., 1(2): 52-67. (In Arabic).
Al-Zalaki, I.M.S. (2006). Technology of meat. Fac. Agric., Univ. Alexandria: 207pp. (In Arabic).
Andersson, R.E. (1980). Microbial lipolysis at low temperatures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 43: 36-40.
AOAC. (2006). Official Method of Analysis. Horwitz, W. L.; George, W. & Latimer, Jr. (18thed). Washington, DC: Association of official Agricultural Chemists: 3172 pp.
Arain, M.A.; Khaskheli, M.; Rajput, I.R.; Faraz, S.; Rao, S.; Umer, M. & Devrajani, K. (2010). Effect of slaughtering age on chemical composition of goat. Pak. J. Nutr., 9(4): 404- 408.
Belitz, H.D.; Grosch, W. & Schieberle, P. (2004). Food Chemistry. 3rd ed., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: 988pp.
Brewer, M.S.; Field, R.A.; Miller, G.J.; Cross, H.R. & Secrist, J.L. (1992). Qualities of chunked and formed lamb roasts. J. Food Sci., 49(5): 1376-1379.
Briskey, E.J. & Fukazawa, T. (1971). Myofibrillar proteins of skeletal muscle. Pp. 289-300.
Broumand, H.; Ball, C.O. & Sitier, E.F. (1958). Factors affecting the quality of prepacked meat. II. Determining the proportions of hemederivatiue in fresh meat. Food Technol., 12: 65 -77.
Boland, M.; Kaur, L.; Chian, F.M. & Astruc, T. (2018). Muscle Proteins. Reference Module in Food Science, 2018, ff10.1016 /B978-0-08-100596-5.21602-8ff. ffhal-02000883.
CFIS. (2004). Canadian Food Inspection System. Proposed national meat and poultry code, part 12-sampling and testing procedures: 69pp.
Davey, C.L. & Winger, R.J. (1988). Muscle to Meat (Biochemical Aspect): 3-31 In Cross, H.R. & Overby, A.H. (Eds.). Meat Science, Milk Science and Technology. Elsevier Sci. Publ. New York: 458pp.
Farouk, M.M.; Wieliczko, K.J. & Merts, I. (2003). Ultra-fast freezing and low storage temperatures are not necessary to maintain the functional properties of manufacturing beef. Meat Sci., 66: 171-179.
F.S.I.S. (2007). Food safety and inspection service. procedures for residue sampling, testing, and at her responsibilities for the national residue program. The fast Antimicrobial Screen Test. 14-25.
Gimenez, M. S.; Oliveros, L.B. & Gomez, N.N. (2011). Nutritional deficiencies and phospholipid metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12(4): 2408-2433.
Huss, H.H. (1988). Quality and quality changes in fresh fish. FAO. Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 348, Rome: 195pp.
Inoue, C. & Ishikawa, M. (2000). The contribution of water to the specific heat change at the glass to–Rubber transition of the ternary system BSA- water- NaCl. J. Food Sci., 65: 1-7.
Jiang, S.T. (l998). Contribution of muscle proteinases to meat tenderization. Proc. Nat. Sci. Coun. Roc., 22(3): 97- I 07.
John, E.O.; Lawrie, R.A. & Hardy, B. (1975). Effect of dietary variation, with respect to energy and crude protein levels, on the oxidative rancidity exhibited by frozen porcine muscles. J. Sci. Food Agri., 26: 31-41.
Jose, M.T.; Padmanbhalyer, R. & Parbha Karan, P. (1984). The effect of freezing rates on the physico-chemical changes of beef during frozen storage at -20ºC. Korean J. Food Sci. Tech., 20(3): 447-452.
Ivanovic, S.; Pisinov, B.; Maslic-Strizak, D.; Savic, B. & Stojanovic, Z. (2012). Influence of probiotics on quality of chicken meat. Afr. J. Agri. Res., 7(14): 2191-2196.
Krzywicki, K. (1982). The determination of pigments in meat, Meat Sci., 7: 29.
Lamkey, J.W.; Mandigo, R.W. & Calkins, C.R. (1986). Effect of salt and phosphate on the texture and color stability of restructured beef steaks. J. Food Sci., 51(4): 873-875.
Lawrie, R.A. (1979). Meat Science. 3rd ed. Oxford: Pergamum Press., New York. 461pp.
Lee, B.J.; Hendricks, D.G. & Cornforth, D.P. (1998). Antioxidant effects of carnosine and phytic acid in a model beef system. J. Food Sci., 63: 394-398.
Incze, K. (1998). Dry Fermented Sausages. Meat Science, 49: S169-S177.
Lyon, B.G. (1984). Effects of sodium chloride and sodium polyphosphate treatments on proximate composition, selected mineral content, and sensory properties of canned fowl. Poult. Sci., 63: 664-672.
Mendiratta, S.K.; Kondaiah, N.; Anjaneyulu, A.S.R. & Sharma, B.D. (2008). Comparisons of handling practices of culled sheep meat for production of mutton curry. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 21(5): 738- 744.
Mohamed, H.F. & Ahmed, M.M. (2017). Study of the early biochemical changes in chicken meat and effect of frozen storage on quality characteristics. Anbar J. Vet. Sci., 10(1): 61 -69.
Michaelsen, K.F.; Hoppe, C.; Roos, N.; Kaestel, P.; Stougaard, M.; Lauritzen, L.; Mølgaard, C.; Girma, T.L & Friis, H. (2009). Choice of foods and ingredients for moderately malnourished children 6 months to 5 years of age. Food Nutr. Bull., 30(3): S343- S404.
Moon, S.S.; Seong, P.N. & Jeong, J.Y. (2015). Evaluation of meat color and physiochemical characteristics in forequarter muscles of holstein steers. Korean J. Food Sci. Anim. Res., 35(5): 646-652.
Owen, J.E; Gutierrez, F.J. & Rbajal, E.P. (1986). The preparation of smoked cooked chicken and Ca by conventional and accelerated curing methods. Poultry Sci., 65: 314-320.
Pomeranz , Y. & Meloen C.E. (1977). Food analysis theory and practices. Thy AVI publishing Co. Connecticut Westport: 809pp.
Rahim, A.R.D.M. (2003). Study of the Effect of protea leaflets Calotropis procera in old beef proteins, M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Baghdad: 83pp. (In Arabic).
Ray, B.; Johnson, C. & Field, R.A. (1984). Growth of indicator, pathogenic and Psychrotrophic bacteria in mechanically separated beef, lean ground beef and Marrow. J. Food Prot., 47(9): 672-677.
Rohlik, B.; Pipek, P. & Panek, J. (2013). The effect of natural antioxidants on the colour and lipid stability of paprika salami. Czech J. Food Sci., 31: 307-312.
Rosenvold, K. & Anderson, H.J. (2003). Factors of significance, for pork quality: A review. Meat Sci., 64: 219-237.
Rotta, P.P.; Prado, I.N.; Prado, R.M.; Moletta, J.L.; Silva, R.R & Perotto, D. (2009). Carcass characteristics and chemical composition of the longissimus muscle of nellore, caracu and holstein-friesian bulls finished in a feedlot. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 22(4): 598-604.
Sahasrabudhe, M.R.; Delorme, N.F. & Wood, D.F. (1985). Neutral and polar lipid in chicken parts and their fatty acid composition. Poultry Sci., 64: 910-916.
Salman, I.H. & Saleh, H.H. (2012). Effect of natural additives rich in catechins and lycopene in some physical properties and consistency of fat and color of buffalo frozen meat. Anbar J. Vet. Sci., 5(1): 38-49. (In Arabic).
Schon, L. & Ristic, M. (1977). Dependence of muscle pH of poultry carcasses on the extent post mortem glycolysis. C.F. Food Sci. Tech. Abst. 9(12): 259.
Shehata, M.I.; Hussein, M.A.; Al Badawi, A.A. & Habib. A.T. (1970). Post- mortem treatments of beef III. Cold and freeze storage. Assuit. J. Agric. Sci., 1: 87-94 .
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