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Abstract
The experiment conducted during 2018-2019 to study effect of added 15 and 30 t.h-1 level of three kinds of decomposing organic fertilizers on some chemical properties for two varieties of tomato (Red flower F1 and Waad RZ) in field of agricultural experiments station college of Agriculture, University of Basrah. Results showed a significantly effect of hybrid (Red flower F1) compared with hybrid (Waad RZ) on leaves content of : Total chlorophyll, total N and total soluble carbohydrate, increased 10.6, 14.39 and 8.84% respectively. Results showed a significant effect of organic fertilizer especially 15 t.ha-1 poultry fertilizer on total chlorophyll and total N in leaves content with increase of 67.75 and 110.31% respectively, 30 t.ha-1 poultry fertilizer significantly increased of total P in leaves content increased 143.48%. Decomposing cattle fertilizer with 30 t.ha-1 significantly increased of total K in leaves content with increased 181.30% also corn residues fertilizer with 30 t.ha-1 significantly increased of total soluble carbohydrate with 109.89%. Interaction between experiment factors were significantly effect on total chlorophyll, K and soluble carbohydrate in leaves content. Study also revealed different influences of organic fertilizer as follow: The poultry fertilizer (15 t.ha-1) increased the total leaves content of chlorophyll and N with 67.75 and 110.31% respectively. While the poultry fertilizer (30 t.ha-1) significantly increased the total leaves content of P with 143.48%. The decomposed cattle fertilizer (30 t.ha-1) significantly increased the total leaves content of K with 181.30%. Whereas corn residues (30 t.ha-1) significantly raised the total leaves content of soluble carbohydrate with 109.89%.
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References
- Abbas, M.F. & Abbas, M.Ch. (1992). Care and Storage Fruit and Vegetables, Practical Methodology. Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah. High. Educ. Sci. Res.: 153pp. (In Arabic).
- Al-Abadi, M.J.M. (2012). Effect of spraying of common liquorice extract and yeast solution on some characters of growth and yield to hybrids of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentim Mill). M. Sc. Thesis. Coll. Agric.. Univ. Al-Muthana: 182pp. (In Arabic).
- Afzal, M. & Adams, W.A. (1992). Heterogeneity of soil mineral nitrogen in pasture grazed by cattle. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56(4): 1160-1166.
- Al-Amery, N.J.K. & Matlob, A.N. (2012). Effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato plant, under warmed greenhouses. Euphrates Agri. Sci., 4(3): 21-38. (In Arabic).
- Al-Arkawazi, J.A.S. (2000). Effect of organic and phosphorus fertilizers on phosphorus availability at different stages of tomato plants growth. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Baghdad: 188pp. (In Arabic).
- Al-Mohamadey, F. M. & Jasiem, A.J. (1989). Production Vegetables. Dar Al-Hikma. Baghdad Univ. Min. High. Educ. Sci. Res.: 232pp. (In Arabic).
- Al-Rawi, K.M. & Khalfalah, A.M. (1980). Design and analysis agricultural experiments. Dar Al-Kutb for Publishing and Distribution. Univ. Mosul: 488pp. (In Arabic).
- Al-Sahaf, F.H. (1989). Practical Plant Nutrition. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Univ. Baghdad, Biet. Al-Hikma: 251pp. (In Arabic).
- Al-Shahwani, A.W.R. (2006). Effect of water salinity irrigation on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. and alleviation ways in it. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Baghdad: 173pp. (In Arabic).
- Baldock, J.A. & Nelson, P.N. (2000). Soil Organic Matter: 25-48. In Summer, M.E. (Ed.). Hand Book of Soil Science. C.R.C. Press: 2110pp.
- Bollago, J.M.J. & Huang, P.M. (1998). Soil organic matter. Adv. Agron., 63(5): 229-238.
- Cresser, M.S. & Parsons, J.W. (1979). Sulphric-perchloric acid of digestion of plant material for determination of nitrogen phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Anal. Chem. Acta, 109: 431-436
- Ewula, B.S.; Djeniyi, S.O. & Akanni, D.A.A. (2008). Effect of poultry manure on selected soil physical and chemical properties, growth and nutrient status of tomato .Afr. J. Agric. Res., 3(9): 612-616.
- Goodwin, T.W. (1976). Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigment. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London: 373pp.
- Gutierrez-Micelli, F.A.; Santiago-Borraz, J.; Montes-Molina, A.; Nafate, C.C.; Abud-Archila, M.; Oliva-Laven, A.M.; Rincon-Rosales, R. & Dendooven, L. (2007). Vermin composting as a soil yield and fruit supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentim Mill). Biol. Tech., 98(15): 2781-2787.
- Hao, X.H.; Liu, S.; Wu, J.S.; Hu, R.G.; Tong, C.L. & Su, Y.Y. (2008). Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments an soil organic matter and microbial in three subtropical soils. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 81(1): 17-24.
- Jackson, M.L. (1958). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Tall Inc. Englewood Cliff, N. J.: 521pp.Meena, S.; Senthilvalavn, P.; Malarkodi, M. & Kaleeswari, R.K. (2007). Residual effect of organic manures in sunflower-assessment using rodeo trance Technique Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 3(5): 377-379.
- Olsen, S.K. & Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus. 403-427. In Page, A.L.; Miller, R.H. & Heeney, D.R. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Am. Agron. Inc. Madison, Wisconsin: 1572 pp.
- Peter, M.B. & Reson, C.J. (2005). Nutrient cycling and maintaining soil fertility in fruit and vegetable crop systems. Dept. soil, water and Climate-Univ. Minnesota. M1193. 2005.
- Takeoka, G.R.; Dao, L.; Flessa, S.; Gillespie, D.M.; Jewell, W.T.; Huebner, B.; Bertow, D. & Ebeler, S.E. (2001). Processing effects on lycopeme content and anti-oxidant activity of tomatoes. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 49(8): 3713-3717.
- Tisdal, S.L.; Nelson, W.L.; Beaton, J.D. & Havlin, L.L. (1995). Soil Fertility and Fertilizer. 5th edn. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi: 684pp.
- Watt, B.K. & Merrill, A.L. (1963). Composition of food, processed and prepared. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture hand Book 8.: 190pp.
- Zaehringer, M.V.; Davis, K.R. & Dean, L.L. (1974). Persistent green color snap beans (Phaseolns vnlgaris) color related constituents and quality of cooked fresh beans. J. Am. Soc. Sci., 99: 89-92.
- Zink, J.A. & Allen, M.F. (1998). The effects of organic amendment on the restoration of a disturbed coastal sage scrub habitat. Restoration Ecol., 6(1): 52-58.
References
Abbas, M.F. & Abbas, M.Ch. (1992). Care and Storage Fruit and Vegetables, Practical Methodology. Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah. High. Educ. Sci. Res.: 153pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Abadi, M.J.M. (2012). Effect of spraying of common liquorice extract and yeast solution on some characters of growth and yield to hybrids of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentim Mill). M. Sc. Thesis. Coll. Agric.. Univ. Al-Muthana: 182pp. (In Arabic).
Afzal, M. & Adams, W.A. (1992). Heterogeneity of soil mineral nitrogen in pasture grazed by cattle. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56(4): 1160-1166.
Al-Amery, N.J.K. & Matlob, A.N. (2012). Effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato plant, under warmed greenhouses. Euphrates Agri. Sci., 4(3): 21-38. (In Arabic).
Al-Arkawazi, J.A.S. (2000). Effect of organic and phosphorus fertilizers on phosphorus availability at different stages of tomato plants growth. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Baghdad: 188pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Mohamadey, F. M. & Jasiem, A.J. (1989). Production Vegetables. Dar Al-Hikma. Baghdad Univ. Min. High. Educ. Sci. Res.: 232pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Rawi, K.M. & Khalfalah, A.M. (1980). Design and analysis agricultural experiments. Dar Al-Kutb for Publishing and Distribution. Univ. Mosul: 488pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Sahaf, F.H. (1989). Practical Plant Nutrition. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Univ. Baghdad, Biet. Al-Hikma: 251pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Shahwani, A.W.R. (2006). Effect of water salinity irrigation on growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L. and alleviation ways in it. Ph. D. Thesis, Coll. Agric. Univ. Baghdad: 173pp. (In Arabic).
Baldock, J.A. & Nelson, P.N. (2000). Soil Organic Matter: 25-48. In Summer, M.E. (Ed.). Hand Book of Soil Science. C.R.C. Press: 2110pp.
Bollago, J.M.J. & Huang, P.M. (1998). Soil organic matter. Adv. Agron., 63(5): 229-238.
Cresser, M.S. & Parsons, J.W. (1979). Sulphric-perchloric acid of digestion of plant material for determination of nitrogen phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Anal. Chem. Acta, 109: 431-436
Ewula, B.S.; Djeniyi, S.O. & Akanni, D.A.A. (2008). Effect of poultry manure on selected soil physical and chemical properties, growth and nutrient status of tomato .Afr. J. Agric. Res., 3(9): 612-616.
Goodwin, T.W. (1976). Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigment. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London: 373pp.
Gutierrez-Micelli, F.A.; Santiago-Borraz, J.; Montes-Molina, A.; Nafate, C.C.; Abud-Archila, M.; Oliva-Laven, A.M.; Rincon-Rosales, R. & Dendooven, L. (2007). Vermin composting as a soil yield and fruit supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentim Mill). Biol. Tech., 98(15): 2781-2787.
Hao, X.H.; Liu, S.; Wu, J.S.; Hu, R.G.; Tong, C.L. & Su, Y.Y. (2008). Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments an soil organic matter and microbial in three subtropical soils. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 81(1): 17-24.
Jackson, M.L. (1958). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Tall Inc. Englewood Cliff, N. J.: 521pp.Meena, S.; Senthilvalavn, P.; Malarkodi, M. & Kaleeswari, R.K. (2007). Residual effect of organic manures in sunflower-assessment using rodeo trance Technique Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 3(5): 377-379.
Olsen, S.K. & Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus. 403-427. In Page, A.L.; Miller, R.H. & Heeney, D.R. (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Am. Agron. Inc. Madison, Wisconsin: 1572 pp.
Peter, M.B. & Reson, C.J. (2005). Nutrient cycling and maintaining soil fertility in fruit and vegetable crop systems. Dept. soil, water and Climate-Univ. Minnesota. M1193. 2005.
Takeoka, G.R.; Dao, L.; Flessa, S.; Gillespie, D.M.; Jewell, W.T.; Huebner, B.; Bertow, D. & Ebeler, S.E. (2001). Processing effects on lycopeme content and anti-oxidant activity of tomatoes. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 49(8): 3713-3717.
Tisdal, S.L.; Nelson, W.L.; Beaton, J.D. & Havlin, L.L. (1995). Soil Fertility and Fertilizer. 5th edn. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi: 684pp.
Watt, B.K. & Merrill, A.L. (1963). Composition of food, processed and prepared. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture hand Book 8.: 190pp.
Zaehringer, M.V.; Davis, K.R. & Dean, L.L. (1974). Persistent green color snap beans (Phaseolns vnlgaris) color related constituents and quality of cooked fresh beans. J. Am. Soc. Sci., 99: 89-92.
Zink, J.A. & Allen, M.F. (1998). The effects of organic amendment on the restoration of a disturbed coastal sage scrub habitat. Restoration Ecol., 6(1): 52-58.