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Abstract
The study was conducted in one of the private fields of Wasit Governorate for the period from 22/1/2019 to 11/5/2019. The study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding different levels of saponins on the productive performance of Awassi lambs. Sixteen Awassi lambs aged three-four months with an average weight of 23.68 kg were used. The lambs were randomly divided into four experimental treatments with four animals for each. The diet provided at 3% of the body weight. The feed was provided with two meals (8 am and 4 pm). The 1st treatment was control (without addition), while in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th treatments, saponins was added at level of 60, 120 and 180 mg.kg-1 DM feed respectively. Adding saponins at 180 mg.kg-1 DM increased the final body weight at the second and third months of the study with 34.35 and 40.36 kg, respectively. Total gain was increased in this treatment from 15.03 kg in control to 17.47 kg. Feed conversion ratio of the same treatment was 5.52 as compared with 6.24 kg.kg-1 feed for the control treatment. Glucose and protein concentrations in the serum also showed an improvement due to the addition of saponins. Values were, 57.24 mg.100 ml-1 and 4.83 g.100 ml-1 respectively. Those of control group were 51.86 mg.100 m-1 and 4.62 g.100 ml-1 respectively. Cholesterol concentration in the serum was not affected by addition of different levels of saponins. It can be concluded that addition of saponins at 180 mg. kg-1 feed improved body weight, gain, feed conversion ratio and some serum biochemical parameters.
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References
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- Sliwinski, B.J. (2004). Efficacy of plant extracts rich in tannins, saponins, lignin or essential oils as feed supplements in ruminants Ph. D. Thesis, Naturwissenschaften, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH Zurich. 145pp. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004702544
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References
Aazami, M.H.; Tahmasbi, A.M.; Ghaffari, M.H.; Naserian, A.A.; Valizadeh, R. & Ghaffari, A.H. (2013). Effects of saponins on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility, performance, and plasma metabolites in sheep and goat kids. Ann. Res. Rev. Biol., 3(4): 596-607.
Budan, A.; Tessier, N., Saunier, M.; Gillmann, L.; Hamelin, J.; Chicoteau, P. & Guilet, D. (2013). Effect of several saponin containing plant extracts on rumen fermentation in vitro, Tetrahymena pyriformis and sheep erythrocytes. J. Food, Agric. Environ., 11(2): 576-582.?
Hussien, S.A. & Awad, Z.J. (2014). Isolation and characterization of triterpenoid saponin hederacoside C. present in the leaves of Hedera helix L. cultivated in Iraq. IJPS, 23(2): 33-41.?
Khalifa, E.I.; Hassanien, H.A.; Mohamed, A.H. & Hussein, A.M. (2014). Effects of using Yucca schidigera powder as feed additive on productive and reproductive efficiency of Zaraibi dairy goats. Egyp. J. Sheep Goat Sci., 9(2): 9-21.
Liu, C.; Qu, Y.H.; Guo, P.T.; Xu, C.C.; Ma, Y. & Luo, H.L. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) saponins on lamb growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma parameters. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 236: 98-106.? https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.12.006
Liu, Y.; Ma, T.; Chen, D.; Zhang, N.; Si, B.; Deng, K. & Diao, Q. (2019). Effects of tea saponin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, methanogenesis, and ruminal microbial flora in dorper crossbred ewe. Animals, 9(1): 29-39.? https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9010029
Mao, H.L.; Wang, J.K.; Zhou, Y.Y., & Liu, J.X. (2010). Effects of addition of tea saponins and soybean oil on methane production, fermentation and microbial population in the rumen of growing lambs. Livest. Sci., 129(1-3): 56-62. ? https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.12.011
Nasri, S.; Salem, H.B.; Vasta, V.; Abidi, S.; Makkar, H.P.S. & Priolo, A. (2011). Effect of increasing levels of Quillaja saponaria on digestion, growth and meat quality of Barbarine lamb. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 164(1-2): 71-78.? https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.12.005
Sliwinski, B.J. (2004). Efficacy of plant extracts rich in tannins, saponins, lignin or essential oils as feed supplements in ruminants Ph. D. Thesis, Naturwissenschaften, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH Zurich. 145pp. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004702544
SPSS (2016). Statistical Packages of Social Sciences. IBM Corp. Released 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. https://www.ibm.com/analytics/spss-statistics-software
Sun, D.S.; Jin, X.; Shi, B.; Xu, Y. & Yan, S. (2017). Effects of Yucca schidigera on gas mitigation in livestock production: A review. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 60: 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2017160359.
Szumacher-Strabel, M. & Cie?lak, A. (2010). Potential of Phyto-factors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 19(3): 319-337.? https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66296/2010.