Main Article Content
Abstract
Water heavy metals contamination is an international issue due to its detrimental impact on the environment, aquatic organisms and impairment of the ecological balance systems. Cadmium is a heavy metal that is extremely toxic, even in low doses, thus it is a big concern to the ecosystem. Cd can cause several Patho-morphological changes in various organs in fish. This study was evaluated the effect of sublethal concentrations of Cd toxicity and effects on Histopathological of muscle tissues of Planiliza abu Juvenile. Series of Cd concentrations (0.5- 2) ppm were used and the 15d LC50 was 0.4 ppm. Several histopathological alterations were observed which increase gradually with increased concentration, included, marked thickening and hypertrophy of muscle bundle were will observed in lowest concentration (0.5 ppm). While in the highest concentration (2 ppm), atrophy, splitting, and separation with intracellular edema were marked in fish muscle bundle.
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References
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References
Abo El Ella, S. M., Hosny, M. M., & Bakry, M. F. (2005). Utilizing fish and aquatic weeds infestation as bioindicators for water pollution in Lake Nubia, Sudan. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 9: 63-84.http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CWE.7.2.15
Alak, G., Atamanalp, M., Topal, A., Arslan, H., Kocaman, E. M., & Oruç, E. (2013a). Effect of sub-lethal lead toxicity on the histopathological and antioxidant enzyme activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 22(5), 733-738. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gonca_Alak/publication/316113119.
Alak, G., Atamanalp, M., Topal, A., Arslan, H., Oruç, E., & Altun, S. (2013b). Histopathological and biochemical effects of humic acid against cadmium toxicity in brown trout gills and muscles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13(2), 315-320. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270338180.
Al-Balawi, H. F. A., Al-Akel, A. S., Al-Misned, F., Suliman, E. A. M., Al-Ghanim, K. A., Mahboob, S., & Ahmad, Z. (2013). Effects of sub-lethal exposure of lead acetate on histopathology of gills, liver, kidney and muscle and its accumulation in these organs of Clarias gariepinus. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 56, 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132013000200015
Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2011). Occurrence of heavy metals in fish: a study for impact assessment in industry prone aquatic environment around Kolkata in India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 181, 51-61. https:// link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-010-1812-x
Amdur, M.O., Doull, J., Curtis, M.D. & Kloasen, C.D. (1992). Cassarett and Doull's Toxicology. Pergamon: The Basic Science of Poisons. New York/Oxford. (p. 996). https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-5-448_2
Ates, B., Orun, I., Talas, Z. S., Durmaz, G., & Yilmaz, I. (2008). Effects of sodium selenite on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) exposed to Pb 2+ and Cu 2+. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34(1), 53-59. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10695-007-9146-5
Authman, M. M., Abbas, W. T., & Gaafar, A. Y. (2012). Metals concentrations in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus from illegal fish farm in Al-Minufiya Province, Egypt, and their effects on some tissues structures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 84, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.005
Badr, A. M., Mahana, N. A., & Eissa, A. (2014). Assessment of heavy metal levels in water and their toxicity in some tissues of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in River Nile basin at Greater Cairo, Egypt. Global Veterinaria, 13(4), 432-443. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.gv.2014.13.04.8561
Bai, L. Y., Zeng, X. B., Li, L. F., Chang, P. E. N., & Li, S. H. (2010). Effects of land use on heavy metal accumulation in soils and sources analysis. Agricultural Sciences in China, 9(11), 1650-1658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(09)60262-5
Begum, A., Mustafa, A. I., Amin, M. N., Banu, N., & Chowdhury, T. R. (2013). Accumulation and histopathological effects of arsenic in tissues of shingi fish (Stinging Catfish) Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science, 39, 221-230. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JASBS/article/view/17861
Bernet, D., Schmidt, H., Meier, W., Burkhardt‐Holm, P., & Wahli, T. (1999). Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x
Beširović, H., Alić, A., Prašović, S., & Drommer, W. (2010). Histopathological effects of chronic exposure to cadmium and zinc on kidneys and gills of brown trout (Salmo trutta morph. fario). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10, 255-262. https:// doi.org/ 10.4194/trjfas.2010.0214
Biswas, S., Prabhu, R. K., Hussain, K. J., Selvanayagam, M., & Satpathy, K. K. (2012). Heavy metals concentration in edible fishes from coastal region of Kalpakkam, southeastern part of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 5097-5104. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-011-2325-y
Bradl, H. (Ed.). (2005). Heavy Metals in the Environment: Origin, Interaction and Remediation. Elsevier. Volume 6, Academic Press, 282pp. https://www.elsevier.com/books/heavy-metals-in-the-environment-origin-interaction-and-remediation/bradl/978-0-12-088381-3
Ceyhun, S. B., Şentürk, M., Yerlikaya, E., Erdoğan, O., Küfrevioğlu, Ö. İ., & Ekinci, D. (2011). Purification and characterization of carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) liver and toxicological effects of metals on enzyme activity. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 32, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.013
Das, B. K., & Mukherjee, S. C. (2000). A histopathological study of carp (Labeo rohita) exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane. Veterinarski Arhiv, 70, 169-180. http://www-staro.vef.unizg.hr/vetarhiv/papers/70-4/das.pdf.
Ebrahimi, M. & Taherianfard, M. (2011). The effects of heavy metals exposure on reproductive systems of cyprinid fish from Kor River. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10, 13-26.http://jifro.ir/article-1-121-en.html
Ferreira, M., Caetano, M., Antunes, P., Costa, J., Gil, O., Bandarra, N. & Reis-Henriques, M. A. (2010). Assessment of contaminants and biomarkers of exposure in wild and farmed sea bass. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73, 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.019
George, S. G., Todd, K. & Wright, J. (1996). Regulation of metallothionein in teleosts: induction of MTmRNA and protein by cadmium in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of a marine flatfish, the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 113, 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(95)02076-4
Hassan, B. K. (2005). The Effect of Sub Lethal Concentration of Cadmium on Gill and Liver of Carassian carp Carassius carassius (L.). M. Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, 53pp. (In Arabic). link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40011-016-0806-z
Hassan, B. K. (2011). The effect of copper and cadmium on oxygen consumption of the juvenile common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.). Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science, 26, 25-34. DOI:10.21276/mjms
Humason, G. L. (1979). Animal Tissue Techniques. 4th edition, W.H. Freeman and company, San Francisco, CA, 661pp. https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/isbn/9780716702993/
Ibrahim, S. M., Shalloof, K. A., & Salama, H. M. (2008). Effect of environmental conditions of Abu-Zabal Lake on some biological, histological and quality aspects of fish. Global Veterinaria, 2, 257-270. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237278271
Jawad, L., Bobori, D., Al-Shwikh, H., & Al-Saleh, F. (2015). Opercular girth, maximum girth and total length relationships for Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) and Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) (Actinoprerygii) from Euphrates River at Dier Ez-Zor Governorate, Syria. Acta Zoolgica. Bulgaria, 67, http://acta-zoologica-bulgarica.eu/downloads/acta-zoologica-bulgarica/2015/67-4-591-594. pdf
Karadeniz, A., Cemek, M., & Simsek, N. (2009). The effects of Panax ginseng and Spirulina platensis on hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72, 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.02.021
Landis, W., Sofield, R., Yu, M. H. & Landis, W. G. (2003). Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Impacts of Chemicals Upon Ecological Systems. Third edition, CRC Press, 512pp. https://books.google.iq/books/about/Introduction_to_Environmental_Toxicology.html?id=PNEtC_Z7P8YC&redir_esc=y
Mantovi, P., Baldoni, G., & Toderi, G. (2005). Reuse of liquid, dewatered, and composted sewage sludge on agricultural land: effects of long-term application on soil and crop. Water Research, 39, 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.10.003
McHugh, K. J., Smit, N. J., Van Vuren, J. H. J., Van Dyk, J. C., Bervoets, L., Covaci, A., & Wepener, V. (2011). A histology-based fish health assessment of the tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus from a DDT-affected area. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 36, 895-904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.077
Mohamed, F. A. (2008). Bioaccumulation of selected metals and histopathological alterations in tissues of Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser, Egypt. Global Veterinaria, 2, 205-218. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1. 499 .3845&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Mohamed, F. A. (2009). Histopathological studies on Tilapia zillii and Solea vulgaris from Lake Qarun, Egypt. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1, 29-39. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.533.5081&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Patnaik, B. B., Howrelia, H., Mathews, T., & Selvanayagam, M. (2011). Histopathology of gill, liver, muscle and brain of Cyprinus carpio communis L. exposed to sublethal concentration of lead and cadmium. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 12218-12223. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/96295
Popek, W., Dietrich, G., Glogowski, J., Demska-Zakeś, K., Drag-Kozak, E., Sionkowski, J., Łuszczek-Trojan, E., Epler, P., Demianowicz, W., Sarosiek, B., Kowalski, R., Jankun, M., Zakeś, Z., Król, J., Czerniak, S., & Szczepkowski, M. (2006). Influence of heavy metals and 4-nonylphenol on reproductive function in fish. Reproductive Biology, 6, 175-188. https://europepmc.org/article/med/16967097
Qiu, Y. W., Lin, D., Liu, J. Q., & Zeng, E. Y. (2011). Bioaccumulation of trace metals in farmed fish from South China and potential risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74, 284-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.008
Raissy, M., Ansari, M., & Rahimi, E. (2011). Mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in lobster (Panulirus homarus) from the Persian Gulf. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 27, 655-659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233710395346
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