Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 304 Download : 240

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the distinguishing characteristics of the fourth-instar larvae that used to identify the six species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Basrah Province. Some morphological characteristics, pectin teeth, comb scales, lateral palatine brush filaments, and microspine patterns on the siphon were studied by using the scanning electron microscopy technique. The results showed that there are morphological differences in these micro-structures between the species, Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771), Culex pipines (Linnaeus, 1758), Culex pusillus Macquart, 1850, Culex tritaeniorhynchus  Giles,1901, Culiseta longiareolata (Mecquart, 1838) and Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913.

Keywords

Culicidae Fourth- instar Larvae Mosquito Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Abed , W. H. ., & Kareem, D. K. . (2022). Identification of some Fourth Instar Larvae of the Mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in Basrah Province, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.12
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abu El-Hassan, G. M., Gad Allaha , S. M., Ahmed, I. I., Rashad, A. A., & Shehata, M. G. (2021). Identification of Medically-Important Dipteran Species in Nuweiba City, South Sinai, Egypt, and their Relative Abundance. Egyptian Journal of Zoology, 76, 16, 52-65.‏
  2. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJZ.2021.82773.1059
  3. Abul-Hab, J. (1967). Larvae of Culicine mosquitos in North Iraq (Diptera, Culicidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 57(2), 279-284.
  4. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300049981
  5. Adham, F. K., Mehlhorn, H., & Yamany, A. S. (2013). Scanning electron microscopy of the four larval instars of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitology Research, 112(6), 2307-2312‏
  6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3393-4
  7. Al Ahmad, A. M., Sallam, M. F., Khuriji, M. A., Kheir, S. M., & Azari-Hamidian, S. (2011). Checklist and pictorial key to fourth-instar larvae of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 48(4), 717-737.
  8. ‏https://doi.org/10.1603/ME10146
  9. Al-Doaiss, A. A., Al-Mekhlafi, F. A., Abutaha, N. M., Al-Keridis, L. A., Shati, A. A., Al-Kahtani, M. A., & Alfaifi, M. Y. (2021). Morphological, histological and ultrastructural characterisation of Culex pipines (Diptra: Culicidae) larval midgut. African Entomology, 29(1), 274-288.
  10. https://doi.org/10.4001/003.029.0274
  11. Al-Yacoub, M. K. M. (2018). Studying the effect of environmental factors and the monthly distribution of larvae of domestic mosquito Culex pipiens with the use of GC-Msgas chromatography technique in diagnosing adults in Basrah Governorate/southern Iraq. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Science, 1(4), 1-15. (English Abstract)
  12. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijsrsd.2018.22856
  13. Al Hilfi, M. K., Al-Fekaiki, D. F., & Al-Hilphy, A. R. (2019). Identification and determination of metal elements of Dates syrup extracted from various varieties using semeds technique. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(2), 126-134.‏
  14. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.203
  15. Assany, Y., Yaqti, R., & Al-drmosh, R. (2012). Taxonomical Study of Culex spp. larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in the North of Aleppo-Syria. Rafidain Journal of Science, 23(8), 112-127
  16. http://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2012.64535
  17. Atta, A. R. A., Jabbar, A. S., & Abdulkader, A. A. (2019). Taxonomic study of some species of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) at Basrah Province. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(2), 169-175.
  18. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.207
  19. Azari-Hamidian, S., & Harbach, R. E. (2009). Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 2078(1), 1-33.‏
  20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2078.1.1
  21. Braack, L., De Almeida, A. P. G., Cornel, A. J., Swanepoel, R., & De Jager, C. (2018). Mosquito-borne arboviruses of African origin: review of key viruses and vectors. Parasites & Vectors, 11(1), 1-26.
  22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2559-9
  23. Dahl, C. (1978). Scanning electron microscopic studies of epicuticular patterns in mosquito larvae (Diptera, Culicidae) and their use as taxonomic characters. Zoologica Scripta, 7(1‐4), 209-217.‏
  24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1978.tb00603.x
  25. Dehghan, H., Sadraei, J., Moosa-Kazemi, S. H., Abolghasemi, E., Solimani, H., Nodoshan, A. J., & Najafi, M. H. (2016). A pictorial key for Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran. Journal of arthropod-borne diseases, 10(3), 291.
  26. ‏https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27308288/
  27. Farajollahi, A., & Price, D. C. (2013). A rapid identification guide for larvae of the most common North American container-inhabiting Aedes species of medical importance. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 29(3), 203-221.‏
  28. https://doi.org/10.2987/11-6198R.1
  29. Foster, W. A., & Walker, E. D. (2019). Mosquitoes (Culicidae): Pp, 261-325. In Mullen, K. G., Durden, L. A. (Eds.). Medical and veterinary entomology. Academic Press, 794pp.
  30. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814043-7.00015-7
  31. Guntay, O., Yikilmaz, M. S., Ozaydin, H., Izzetoglu, S., & Suner, A. (2018). Evaluation of pyrethroid susceptibility in Culex pipiens of Northern Izmir Province. Turkey. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 12(4).
  32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423456/
  33. Harbach, R. (1998). Culex (Barraudius) pusillus, a new occurrence record outside the Palaearctic region. European Mosquito Bulletin, 1, 14.
  34. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB1997049754
  35. Jabbar, H. S., Augul, R. S., & Kathiar, S. A. (2018). Survey of some species of Culicinae (Diptera, Culicidae) from different localities in South of Iraq. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 12(5), 71-81.
  36. https://innspub.net/jbes/survey-species-culicinae-diptera-culicidae-different-localities-south-iraq/
  37. Junkum, A., Jitpakdi, A., Komalamisra, N., Jariyapan, N., Somboon, P., Bates, P. A., & Choochote, W. (2004). Comparative morphometry and morphology of Anopheles aconitus form B and C eggs under scanning electron microscope. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 46(5), 257-262.
  38. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652004000500005
  39. Kasai, S., Komagata, O., Tomita, T., Sawabe, K., Tsuda, Y., Kurahashi, H., & Kobayashi, M. (2008). PCR-based identification of Culex pipiens complex collected in Japan. Japanese journal of infectious diseases, 61(3), 184-191.
  40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18503166/ ‏
  41. Kong, X. Q., & Wu, C. W. (2010). Mosquito proboscis: An elegant biomicroelectromechanical system. Physical Review E, 82(1), 011910.
  42. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011910
  43. Lacoursière, J. O., Dahl, C., & Widahl, L. E. (1999). Use of the continuity principle to evaluate water processing rate of suspension-feeding mosquito larvae. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 15(2), 228-237.
  44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10412118/
  45. Mahgoub, M. M., Colucci, M. E., & Odone, A. (2020). An update d checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culcidae) of Sudan: Taxonomy, vectorial importance and pictorial keys.‏ International Journal of Mosquito Research, 7(3), 09-18. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222114137
  46. Moirangthem, B. D., & Singh, D. C. (2018). New records of Culex (Culex) pipiens Linn. from Manipur India.‏ International Journal of Mosquito Research, 5(2), 52-55..
  47. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51959443
  48. Nabti, I., & Bounechada, M. (2020). Mosquito biodiversity in Setif region (Algerian high plains), density and species distribution across two climate zones. Entomologie faunistique-Faunistic entomology. 73, 1-14.
  49. https://doi.org/10.25518/2030-6318.4655
  50. Reuben, R., Tewari, S. C., Hiriyan, J., & Akiyama, J. (1994). Illustrated keys to species of Culex (Culex) associated with Japanese encephalitis in Southeast Asia (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 26(2), 75-96.
  51. ‏
  52. Rutledge, C. R. (2008). Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), 2476-2482. In Capinera J. L. (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht, 4345pp.
  53. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_470
  54. Sayid, S., Dadan-Garba, A., Enenche, D., & Ikyo, B. (2020). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the bug eye and sand coral. Microscopy Research, 8(1), 1-7.
  55. https://doi.org/10.4236/mr.2020.81001
  56. Schaper, S., & Hernández-Chavarría, F. (2006). Scanning electron microscopy of the four larval instars of the Dengue fever vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Revista de biología tropical, 54(3), 847-852.
  57. ‏ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18491625/
  58. Snell, A. E. (2005). Identification keys to larval and adult female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 32(2), 99-110.‏.
  59. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2005.9518401
  60. Tewfick, M. K., Wassim, N. M., & Soliman, B. A. (2014). Comparative fine structure of the feeding mouth brushes and siphon of five culicine mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae). Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology, 10(1), 47-51.
  61. http://www.egyseb.net/ejebz/?mno=187364