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Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season 2016-2017 in one of the greenhouses belonging to the Directorate of Agriculture of Basrah in Khor Al-Zubair, in order to study the effect of the bio-stimulator Amalgerol in some growth characteristics of two types of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The trial included 18 treatments involving two types of sweet peppers: KAMAR, RIDA F1 and three concentrations of both Amalgerol (0, 2.5 and 5) ml.l-1 and the appetizer (0, 1 and 1.5) ml.l-1. The factorial experiment was implemented with Split Plot Design by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates and compared to the least significant differences test LSD at a probability level of 0.05. The main results are summarized as follows: The plants treated with 2.5 and 5 ml.l-1 of Amalgerol biomarker had a significant difference between them in each of the height of the plant, the number of leaves.plants-1, the leaf area in addition to the dry weight of the total vegetation, while the concentration of 5 ml.l-1 was superior in average fruit weight (59.44 g), fruit yield (41.95), early plant yield (233.52 g), plant yield (2.45 kg), and early productivity (3.92 ton / ha -1), in addition to total productivity of 41.15 tons.ha-1.The plants of the hybrid "Kamar" were superior in average fruit weight (61.62 g) and the early plant yield (233.40 g) in addition to the early productivity (3.921 tons.ha-1), while the hybrid plants of "Rida P1" were superior in average fruit number (45.90 fruits) and the total productivity (37.78 tons.ha-1). The interaction between the two factors of the stem and the average number of leaves. Plants-1 and the rate of the number of fruits.plants-1.
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References
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- Al- Rubaee, B.; Hade, CH. & Athab, M.Z. (2014). Effect of paper fertilization and method of cultivation in the growth and yield of pepper plant California Wonder variety cultured in greenhouses. Al-Muthanna J. Agric. Sci., 2(1): 17-28.
- Al-Tuhafi, S.; Abdul-Majid, A.; Riyadh, G.K.; Ali, H.A. & Lazim, M.H. (2016). Effect of adding bio-fertilizer Humobacter-A and irrigation with paper fertilizer Top 10 in the growth and yield of Eggplants of Jawahir variety. Euphrates J. Agric. Sci., 8(4): 107- 116.
- Al-Zubaidi, I.A. & Al-Hamzawi M.K (2015). Effect of spraying with sea weed extract and amino acids in some flower and fruits characteristics of sweet pepper plants Capsicum annuum L. under the conditions of greenhouses. Al-Qadisiyah J. Agric. Sci. (QJAS), 7(1): 1-13.
- Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (2015). Secondary crops and vegetables. Directorate of Agricultural Statistics. Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation. Republic of Iraq: 51pp.
- Ewulo, B.S.; Hassan, K.O. & Ojeniy S.O. (2007). Comparative effect of cow dung manure on soil and leaf nutrient and yield of pepper. Int. J. Agr. Res., 2(12): 1043-1048.
- Khalil, M.A.I. (2004). Vegetables and propagation plants - nurseries - cultivation of plant cells and tissues. Division vegetation description varieties. Univ. Zagazig. Knowledge facility. Alexandria: 218pp.
- Kowalczyk, K.A. & Zielony, T.D. (2008). Effect of Amino plant and Asahi on yield and quality of lettuce grown on Rockwool. Conf. Biostmulatirs in modern Agriculture, 7-8 Feb. 2008, Warsaw, Poland.
- Matloob, A.N.; Ezzedine, S.M. & Karim S.A. (1989). Vegetables production, part one. Dar Al Kutb Prin. Publ.. Univ. Mosul: 680pp.
- Mohammed, A.R.S.; Faisal, A. R. & Niran, S.R. (2010). Effect of date of planting and spraying with marine extracts in the growth and yield of two varieties of tomato. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 23(2): 41- 53.
- Odell, C. (2003). National plant hormones are bio-stimulants helping plant. Develop higher plant antioxidant activity for multiple benefits. Extension Horticulturist Emeritus, Va. Tech, www.ext.vt.edu.
- Para?ikovi?, N.; Vinkovi?, T.; Vinkovi?Vr?ek, I.; ?untar, I.; Boji?, M. &Medi;?-Šari?, M. (2011). Effect natural biostimulants on yield and nutritional quality: an example of sweet yellow pepper Capsicum annuum L. plant. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91: 2146-2152.
- Thang, P.T.N. (2007). Ripening behavior of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit. Ph. Thesis. Univ. Adelaide, South Australia: 149pp.
- Tisdale, S.L.; Nelson W.L.; Beaton J.D. & Havlin J.L, (1997). Soil Fertility and Fertilizer. 5th ed. The Macmillan pub1. Co. New York: 634pp.
- Valarini, P.J.; Curaqueno G.; Seguel A.; Manzano, K.; Rubio, R.; Cornejo, P. & Borie F. (2009). Effect of compost application on some properties of a volcanic soil from central south Chili. Chilean J. Agric. Res. 69(3): 416-425.
- Zodape, S.T.; Gupta, A. & Bhandari S.C. (2011). Foliar application of seaweed sap as bio stimulant for enhancement of yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). J. Sci. Ind. Res., 70: 215-219.
References
Abdel-Mawgoud, A.M.; Tantaway, A.S; Hafez, M.M. & Habib, H.A (2010). Seaweed extract improves growth, yield and quality of different watermelon hybrids. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 6(2): 161-168.
Al-Khafaji, M.A. & Mukhtar, F.A. (1989). Production of fruits and vegetables. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. Univ. Baghdad. Bait Al-Hikma: 468pp.
Al- Rubaee, B.; Hade, CH. & Athab, M.Z. (2014). Effect of paper fertilization and method of cultivation in the growth and yield of pepper plant California Wonder variety cultured in greenhouses. Al-Muthanna J. Agric. Sci., 2(1): 17-28.
Al-Tuhafi, S.; Abdul-Majid, A.; Riyadh, G.K.; Ali, H.A. & Lazim, M.H. (2016). Effect of adding bio-fertilizer Humobacter-A and irrigation with paper fertilizer Top 10 in the growth and yield of Eggplants of Jawahir variety. Euphrates J. Agric. Sci., 8(4): 107- 116.
Al-Zubaidi, I.A. & Al-Hamzawi M.K (2015). Effect of spraying with sea weed extract and amino acids in some flower and fruits characteristics of sweet pepper plants Capsicum annuum L. under the conditions of greenhouses. Al-Qadisiyah J. Agric. Sci. (QJAS), 7(1): 1-13.
Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology (2015). Secondary crops and vegetables. Directorate of Agricultural Statistics. Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation. Republic of Iraq: 51pp.
Ewulo, B.S.; Hassan, K.O. & Ojeniy S.O. (2007). Comparative effect of cow dung manure on soil and leaf nutrient and yield of pepper. Int. J. Agr. Res., 2(12): 1043-1048.
Khalil, M.A.I. (2004). Vegetables and propagation plants - nurseries - cultivation of plant cells and tissues. Division vegetation description varieties. Univ. Zagazig. Knowledge facility. Alexandria: 218pp.
Kowalczyk, K.A. & Zielony, T.D. (2008). Effect of Amino plant and Asahi on yield and quality of lettuce grown on Rockwool. Conf. Biostmulatirs in modern Agriculture, 7-8 Feb. 2008, Warsaw, Poland.
Matloob, A.N.; Ezzedine, S.M. & Karim S.A. (1989). Vegetables production, part one. Dar Al Kutb Prin. Publ.. Univ. Mosul: 680pp.
Mohammed, A.R.S.; Faisal, A. R. & Niran, S.R. (2010). Effect of date of planting and spraying with marine extracts in the growth and yield of two varieties of tomato. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 23(2): 41- 53.
Odell, C. (2003). National plant hormones are bio-stimulants helping plant. Develop higher plant antioxidant activity for multiple benefits. Extension Horticulturist Emeritus, Va. Tech, www.ext.vt.edu.
Para?ikovi?, N.; Vinkovi?, T.; Vinkovi?Vr?ek, I.; ?untar, I.; Boji?, M. &Medi;?-Šari?, M. (2011). Effect natural biostimulants on yield and nutritional quality: an example of sweet yellow pepper Capsicum annuum L. plant. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91: 2146-2152.
Thang, P.T.N. (2007). Ripening behavior of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit. Ph. Thesis. Univ. Adelaide, South Australia: 149pp.
Tisdale, S.L.; Nelson W.L.; Beaton J.D. & Havlin J.L, (1997). Soil Fertility and Fertilizer. 5th ed. The Macmillan pub1. Co. New York: 634pp.
Valarini, P.J.; Curaqueno G.; Seguel A.; Manzano, K.; Rubio, R.; Cornejo, P. & Borie F. (2009). Effect of compost application on some properties of a volcanic soil from central south Chili. Chilean J. Agric. Res. 69(3): 416-425.
Zodape, S.T.; Gupta, A. & Bhandari S.C. (2011). Foliar application of seaweed sap as bio stimulant for enhancement of yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). J. Sci. Ind. Res., 70: 215-219.