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Abstract
Eight species of pathogenic and contaminated bacteria were Isolated and identified with the biochemical test and make sure of purity with VITIC2 Technical. The bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Investigation effect of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic of Halawi, Khadrawiand Zahdi date seed extracts on the growth of isolated bacteria, the results showed that ethanolic extract was most effective extract compared to other extracts in influencing on the growth of bacteria using Agar Well Diffusion. The most active extract against P. aeruginosa strain was ethanol extract from Zahdi seed with a 22.3+ 0.32mm inhibition zone followed by 20.2 + 0.22 mm for Escherichia coli.
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References
- Aba Al-Khail, A.A.; Ibrahim, J.H. &Waveform;, K.M. (2003). A practical book in Microbiology. First Printing, Publisher. Majority of the publishing and distribution Riyadh. Saudi Arabia: 270pp.
- Ado, A.; Chonoko, U.G. & Abdul-Azeez, U.M. (2017). Antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm)seeds extract against Escherichia coli. UMYU J. Microbiol. Res., 2:1.
- Al-Moussaoui, M.A. (2006). Antibacterial activity of Iraqi plants. M. Sc. Thesis. Coll. Educ., Univ. Basrah: 85pp.
- Al-Moussaoui, M. & Abd -Almotalib, Y. (2011). Detection of Phenolic compound activity extracted from date palm against to blepharitis bacteria. Basrah J. Date Palm Res., 1(2): 124-137.
- Al-Rawi, K.M .& Khalaf-Allah, A.M. (2000). Design and Analysis of Experiments Agricultural. Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments. Foundation of Dar Al-Ktob. Univ. Mosul, Min. High. Educ. Sci. Res., Iraq: 488pp. (In Arabic).
- Betty, A.; Daniel, F. &Alice;, S. (2007). Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th ed. Mosby. 24: 1056pp.
- Cox, S.D.; Mann, C.M. &Markham;, J.L. (2001). Interactions between components of the essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia .J. Appl. Microial., 91: 492-497 .
- Elmastas, M.; Cinkilic, S. & Aboul-Enein, H.Y. (2015). Antioxidant capacity and determination of total phenolic compounds in Daisy (Matricaria chamomilla, Fam. Asteraceae. World J. Anal. Chem., 3: 9-14.
- Eong, Y.J.; Hong, F.A.; Tomas-Barberan, F.A.; Adel, A.; Kader, S. & Alyson, E. (2006). The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera). J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 2405-2411.
- Fathi, H.A. (2005). Date Palm. Life Trees. Arabian Publ. distribution house. 1st ed. Cairo: 588pp.
- Gende, L.B.; FlorisFritz, R. & Ecuaras, M.J. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil and its main components against Peanibacillus larvae from Argentine. B. Insectol., 61(1): 1-4.
- Habib, H.M.; Platat, C.; Meudec, E.; Cheynier, V. & Ibrahim, W.H. (2014). Polyphenolic compounds in date fruit seed (Phoenix dactylifera): Characterisation and quantification by using UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. J. Sci. Food Agric., 94(6): 1084-1089 .
- Holt, J.G.; Krieg, N.R; Sneathm, P.H.A; Staly, J.T. & Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergey? s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9th ed. Baltimore, M.D.: Williams & Wilkins: 787pp.
- Ligozzi, M.; Bernini, C.; Bonora, M.G.; Fatima, M.D.; Zuliani, J. & Fontana, R. (2002). Evaluation of the VITEK2 System for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of medically relevant gram-positive cocci. J. Clin. Microbiol., 40(5): 1681-1686 .
- Mohammedi, Z. & Atik, F. (2011).Impact of solvent extraction type on total polyphenolis content and biological activity from Tamarixaphylia (L.) karst. Int. J. Pharmacol. Biol. Sci., 2(1): 609-615.
- Mossa, J.S.; Hifnawy, M.S. & Mekkawi, A.G. (1986). Phytochemical and biological investigations on date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) produced in Saudi Arabia. Arab. Gulf J. Sci. Res., 4: 495-507.
- Perez, Z.C.; Pauli, M. & Bazergue, P. (1990). Antibiotic assay by the agar-well diffusion method. J. Acta Biologic. Acta Biol. Med. Exp., 15: 113-115.
- Perveen, K.; Bokhari, N.A. & Soliman, D.A.W. (2012). Antibacterial activity of (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaf and pit extracts against selected Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacteria .J . Med. Plant Res., 6(2): 296-300.
- Ratheesh, M. &Helen;, A. (2007). Antiinflamm- atory of Ruta graveolens L. on carrageenan induced paw edema in wistar male rats. Afr. J. Biotech., 6(10): 1209-1211.
- Saddiq, A.A. & Bawazir, A.E. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pits extracts and its role in reducing the side effect of methyl prednisolone on some neurotransmitter content in the brain, hormone testosterone in adulthood. 4th Int. Date Palm Conf. Acta Hort., 882: 665-690.
- Saleh, F.R. (2016). Antibacterial activity of seeds of Iraqi dates. J. Biol. Innov., 5(2): 313-318.
- Trajeno, -V.N.; Linda, E.O.; Travassos , A.E. & Souza, E.L. (2010). Inhibitory effect of the essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylancium Blume leaves on some food related bacteria. Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. Campians., 30(3): 771-772.
References
Aba Al-Khail, A.A.; Ibrahim, J.H. &Waveform;, K.M. (2003). A practical book in Microbiology. First Printing, Publisher. Majority of the publishing and distribution Riyadh. Saudi Arabia: 270pp.
Ado, A.; Chonoko, U.G. & Abdul-Azeez, U.M. (2017). Antibacterial activity of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm)seeds extract against Escherichia coli. UMYU J. Microbiol. Res., 2:1.
Al-Moussaoui, M.A. (2006). Antibacterial activity of Iraqi plants. M. Sc. Thesis. Coll. Educ., Univ. Basrah: 85pp.
Al-Moussaoui, M. & Abd -Almotalib, Y. (2011). Detection of Phenolic compound activity extracted from date palm against to blepharitis bacteria. Basrah J. Date Palm Res., 1(2): 124-137.
Al-Rawi, K.M .& Khalaf-Allah, A.M. (2000). Design and Analysis of Experiments Agricultural. Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments. Foundation of Dar Al-Ktob. Univ. Mosul, Min. High. Educ. Sci. Res., Iraq: 488pp. (In Arabic).
Betty, A.; Daniel, F. &Alice;, S. (2007). Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th ed. Mosby. 24: 1056pp.
Cox, S.D.; Mann, C.M. &Markham;, J.L. (2001). Interactions between components of the essential oil Melaleuca alternifolia .J. Appl. Microial., 91: 492-497 .
Elmastas, M.; Cinkilic, S. & Aboul-Enein, H.Y. (2015). Antioxidant capacity and determination of total phenolic compounds in Daisy (Matricaria chamomilla, Fam. Asteraceae. World J. Anal. Chem., 3: 9-14.
Eong, Y.J.; Hong, F.A.; Tomas-Barberan, F.A.; Adel, A.; Kader, S. & Alyson, E. (2006). The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera). J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 2405-2411.
Fathi, H.A. (2005). Date Palm. Life Trees. Arabian Publ. distribution house. 1st ed. Cairo: 588pp.
Gende, L.B.; FlorisFritz, R. & Ecuaras, M.J. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil and its main components against Peanibacillus larvae from Argentine. B. Insectol., 61(1): 1-4.
Habib, H.M.; Platat, C.; Meudec, E.; Cheynier, V. & Ibrahim, W.H. (2014). Polyphenolic compounds in date fruit seed (Phoenix dactylifera): Characterisation and quantification by using UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. J. Sci. Food Agric., 94(6): 1084-1089 .
Holt, J.G.; Krieg, N.R; Sneathm, P.H.A; Staly, J.T. & Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergey? s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9th ed. Baltimore, M.D.: Williams & Wilkins: 787pp.
Ligozzi, M.; Bernini, C.; Bonora, M.G.; Fatima, M.D.; Zuliani, J. & Fontana, R. (2002). Evaluation of the VITEK2 System for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of medically relevant gram-positive cocci. J. Clin. Microbiol., 40(5): 1681-1686 .
Mohammedi, Z. & Atik, F. (2011).Impact of solvent extraction type on total polyphenolis content and biological activity from Tamarixaphylia (L.) karst. Int. J. Pharmacol. Biol. Sci., 2(1): 609-615.
Mossa, J.S.; Hifnawy, M.S. & Mekkawi, A.G. (1986). Phytochemical and biological investigations on date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) produced in Saudi Arabia. Arab. Gulf J. Sci. Res., 4: 495-507.
Perez, Z.C.; Pauli, M. & Bazergue, P. (1990). Antibiotic assay by the agar-well diffusion method. J. Acta Biologic. Acta Biol. Med. Exp., 15: 113-115.
Perveen, K.; Bokhari, N.A. & Soliman, D.A.W. (2012). Antibacterial activity of (Phoenix dactylifera L.) leaf and pit extracts against selected Gram negative and Gram positive pathogenic bacteria .J . Med. Plant Res., 6(2): 296-300.
Ratheesh, M. &Helen;, A. (2007). Antiinflamm- atory of Ruta graveolens L. on carrageenan induced paw edema in wistar male rats. Afr. J. Biotech., 6(10): 1209-1211.
Saddiq, A.A. & Bawazir, A.E. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pits extracts and its role in reducing the side effect of methyl prednisolone on some neurotransmitter content in the brain, hormone testosterone in adulthood. 4th Int. Date Palm Conf. Acta Hort., 882: 665-690.
Saleh, F.R. (2016). Antibacterial activity of seeds of Iraqi dates. J. Biol. Innov., 5(2): 313-318.
Trajeno, -V.N.; Linda, E.O.; Travassos , A.E. & Souza, E.L. (2010). Inhibitory effect of the essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylancium Blume leaves on some food related bacteria. Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. Campians., 30(3): 771-772.