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Abstract
The results of the current study showed that the caper plant contains active compounds such as phenols and flavonoids. Caper gel exhibited the highest antioxidant activity about 92.31 % when used at concentration 100 %, when was comparable to that shown by the industrial antioxidant Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), which reached to 93.41%. The results also indicated that the alcohol extract of the caper gel was able to sweep the hydrogen peroxide amounted to 81.05 % compared to that shown by the industrial antioxidant and without significant differences. It also showed a reduction of 2.25 % which was not significantly different from standard ascorbic antioxidant which had the highest average of 2.84 %. This ability increased with an increase in gel concentration with no significant differences.
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References
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- Kim, S.; Choung, S. & Hyun, S. (2006). Antidiabetic effect of cinnamon extract on blood glucose in db/db mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 104: 119-123.
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- Tesoriere, L.; Butera, D.; Gentile, C. & Livrea, M.A. (2007). Bioactive components of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric digestion. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55: 8465-8471.
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- Yasser, M.H. (2011). Effect of Capparis spinosa leaf extracts on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani isolated from Citrullus watermelon. J. Thi-Qar Sci., 2 (4): 71-83.
- Zia-Ul-Haq, M.; ?avar, S.; Qayum, M.; Imran, I. & Feo, V.D. (2011). Compositional studies: antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12(12): 8846-8861.
References
A.O.A.C. (2000). Official Method of Analysis. Horwitz, W.L.; George W. & Latimer. Jr. (Eds.). 18th ed. Washington, D.C., Association of official Agricultural Chemists: 2200pp.
Al-Jubouri, A.H.; Abadi, I.M. & Shaker, K.A.R. (2014). Extract of flax seeds from Linum usitatissimum L. cultivated in Iraq. J. Coll. Sci. Al-Nahrain Univ., 17(3): 41-49. (In Arabic).
Al-Khazaraji, S.M. (1991). Biopharmacolog-. ical study of Artemisia herba, M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Pharm. Univ. Baghdad: 124pp.
Al-Moussawi, A.H.J. & Al-Halfi, S.A.H. (2012). Separation, diagnosis, and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of some plant extracts. J. Univ. Karbala. 2nd Sci. Conf. Fac. Agric.: 1218-1228. (In Arabic).
Al-Rawi, K.M. & Khalaf Allah, A.A.M. (2000). Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments. Second Edition, House of Books for Printing and Publishing, Univ. Mosul: 488pp (In Arabic).
Ashour, E.A.; Alagawany, M.; Reda, F.M.; Abd El-Hack, M.E.; Abaza, I.M.; El-Said, H.; Acamovic, T.; Brooker, J.D.; Aebi, H.; Al-Bar, A. & Cheeke, P.R.
(2005). Association of official analytical chemists official methods of analysis. Asian. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9(11): 259-266.
Bhaduri, S. (2016). An assessment of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of super grain quinoa. J. Food. Process. Techn., 7(2): 107-109.
Chaudhary, G.; Goyal, S. & Poonia, P. (2010). Lawsoniainermis Linnaeus: A phytopharma ecological review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Drug Res.; 2(2): 91-98.
Comai, S.; Bertazzo, A. & Bailoni, L. (2007). The content of protein and non-proteic (Free and Protein-Bound) tryptophan in quinoa and cereal flours. Food Chem., 100: 1350-1355.
Dickinson, E. (2003). Hydrocolloids at interfaces and the influence on the properties of dispersed systems. Food Hydrocolloids, 17(1): 25-39.
Fekri, N.; Khayami, M.; Heidari, R. & Jamee, R. (2008). Chemical analysis of flaxseed, sweet basil, dragon head, and quince seed mucilages. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 3(2): 166-170.
Garti, N. & Leser, M.E. (2001). Emulsification properties of hydrocolloids. Polymers Adv. Technologies, 12: 123-135.
Goycoolea, F.M. & Cárdenas, A. (2003). Pectins from Opuntia spp.: A short review. J. Prof. Assoc. Cactus Dev., 5(1): 17-29.
Gülç?n, ?.; Oktay, M.; K?reçc?, E. & Küfrev?o?lu, Ö.?. (2003). Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed extracts. Food Chem., 83(3): 371-382.
Gunjan, M.; Naing, T.W.; Saini, R.S.; Ahmad, A.; Naidu, J.R. & Kumar, I. (2015). Marketing trends and future prospects of herbal medicine in the treatment of various diseases. World J. Pharm. Res., 4(9): 132-155.
Harborne, J.B. (1984). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Springer, Dordrecht London: 288pp.
Hosseini-Parvar, S.H.; Matia-Merino, L.; Goh, K.K.T. & Mortazavi, S.A. (2010). Steady shear flow behavior of gum extracted from Ocimum basilicum L. seed: Effect of concentration and temperature. J. Food Eng., 101: 236-243.
Khaled, F.A.; Yousef, M.I. & Kamel, K.I. (2016). The protective role of propolis against the reproductive toxicity of monosodium glutamine in male rabbits. IJCS, 4(2): 4-9.?
Kim, S.; Choung, S. & Hyun, S. (2006). Antidiabetic effect of cinnamon extract on blood glucose in db/db mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 104: 119-123.
Ma, Z.F. & Zhang, H. (2017). Phytochemical constituents, health benefits, and industrial applications of grape seeds: A mini-review. Antioxidants, 6(3): 71. doi:10.3390/antiox 6030071.
Manhiani, P.S.; Northcutt, J.K.; Han, I.; Bridges, W.C. & Dawson, P.L. (2013). Antioxidant activity of carnosine extracted from various poultry tissues. Poult. Sci., 92 (2): 444-453.
Nagulendran, K.R.; Velavn, S.; Mahesh, R. & Begum, V.H. (2009). In vitro antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic content Cyperusratundus rhizomes. J. Chem., 4: 440-449.
Osawa, T. & Namiki, M. (1981). A novel type of antioxidant isolated from leaf wax of Eucalyptus leaves. Agric. Biol. Chem., 45: 735-739.
Pascual, B.; San Bautista, A.; Lopez-Galarza, S.; Alagarda, J. & Maroto, J.V. (2006). The intact fruit of Caper (Capparis spinosa) is an improved seed propagation method. Acta Hortic., 782: 107-114.
Razavi, S.M.A.; Mortazavi, S.A.; Matia-Merino, L.; Hosseini-Parvar, S.H.; Motamed Zadegan, A. & Khanipour, E. (2009). Optimization study of gum extraction from basil seeds (Ocimum basilicum L.). Int. J. Food Sci. Techn., 44: 1755-176.
Singer, F.A.W.; Taha, F.S.; Mohamed, S.S.; Gibriel, A. & El-Nawawy, M. (2011). Preparation of mucilage/protein products from flaxseed. Am. J. Food Technol., 6(4): 260-278.
SPSS. (2012). Statistical Packages of Social Sciences. Version 15 for Windows. SPSS. Inc.
Tesoriere, L.; Butera, D.; Gentile, C. & Livrea, M.A. (2007). Bioactive components of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from Sicily and antioxidant effects in a red meat simulated gastric digestion. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55: 8465-8471.
Türko?lu, S.; Çelik, S.; Türko?lu, ?.; Çak?lc?o?lu, U. & Bahsi, M. (2010). Determination of the antioxidant properties of ethanol and water extracts from different parts of Teucriumparvi florum Schreber. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 9(40): 6797-6805.
Yasser, M.H. (2011). Effect of Capparis spinosa leaf extracts on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani isolated from Citrullus watermelon. J. Thi-Qar Sci., 2 (4): 71-83.
Zia-Ul-Haq, M.; ?avar, S.; Qayum, M.; Imran, I. & Feo, V.D. (2011). Compositional studies: antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12(12): 8846-8861.