Main Article Content
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of giving benefit natural products, including antimicrobial agents. The current study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Populus sp. leaves that the aqueous methanolic extract (200 mg.ml-1) of the leaves revealed antimicrobial effects against some microbial pathogens in which the highest inhibition zone was recorded against Candida albicans followed by Staphylococcus aureus but no effects on the growth of both Streptococcus mutans and Klebsiella sp. The chemical tests appeared that the extract contains sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, amino acids, and saponins glycosides while alkaloids were not detected. GC-MS analysis detected the aqueous methanolic extract has four compounds are {2-Pyridineacetaldehyde,[2-(2-pyridinyl) ethylidene]hydrazone}, {n-Propylamine, N-acetyl-3-[2-acetyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl]-},{1-(Methyl propyl)-4-(1’,1’,2’-trichloro-3’-ethyl allyl)benzene} and {1H-Indole, 5- methyl-2-phenyl-}.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Ahmad, I.; Mehomood, Z. & Mohammed, F. (1998). Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. J. Ethnopharma., 62(2): 183-193.
- Al-Hussaini, R. & Mahasneh, A.M. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanol extract of different parts of medicinal plants in Jordan. J. J. Pharmace. Sci., 4(1): 57 -69. (Cited by Boudkhili et al., 2012).Altemimi, A.; Lakhssassi, N.; Baharlouei, A.; Watson, D.G. & Lightfoot, D.A. (2017). Phytochemicals: Extraction, isolation, and identi?cation of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants, 6(42): 1-23.
- Andri, C.K.; Masitah, H. & Harcharan, S. (2009). Effects of solvent properties on the soxhlet extraction of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata leaves. Sci. Asia., 35: 306-309.
- Badi, J.M.; Resen, H.M.; Majeed, A.M. & Abd Al razak, M.M. (2016). Antimicrobial activity of Populous euphratica leaves extracts on growth of some gram negative bacteria. J. Eng. & Technol., 34B(5): 169- 170.
- Ballian, D.; Kajba, D. & Idzojtic, M. (2006). Morphological diversity of hairy European black poplar (Populus nigra subsp. caudina) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Univ. Banja Luka., 5: 13-22.
- Boudkhili, M.; Greche, H.; Bouhdid, S.; Zerargui, F. & Aarab, L. (2012). In Vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of some Moroccan medicinal plants. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 4(2): 637-642.
- Chang, C.C.; Yang, M.H.; Wen, H. & Chern,M. J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolish by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal., 10(3): 178-82.
- Ferreira, S.; Batista, D.; Serrazina, S. & Pais,M. (2006). Proteome profiling of Populus euphratica Oliv. upon heat stress. Ann.. Bot.-London, 98 (2): 361-377.
- Ferreira, S.; Batista, D.; Serrazin, S. & Pais,M. (2009). Morphogenesis induction and organogenic nodule differentiation in Populus euphratica Oliv. leaf explants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 69(1): 35-43.
- Gupta, M.; Thakur, S.; Sharma, A. & Gupta,S. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals and pharmacological value of some dye yielding medicinal plants, Orient. J. Chem., 29(2): 475-481.
- Han, Y.; Wang, W.; Sun, J.; Ding, M.;Zhao, R.; Deng, S.; Wang, F.; Hu, Y.; Wang, Y; et al., (2013). Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot., 64(14): 4225- 4238.
- Haouat, A.C.; El Guendouzi, S.; Haggoud, A.; David, S.; Sqalli, H.; Ibnsouda, S. & Iraqui, M. (2013). Antimycobacterial activity of Populus alba leaf extracts. J. Med. Plants Res., 7(16): 1015-1021.
- Karou, D.; Savadogo, A.; Canini, A.; Yameogo, S.; Montesano, C.; Simpore, J.; Colizzi, V. & Traore, A.S. (2006). Antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida acuta. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5: 195-200.
- Kaymakç?o?lu, K.B.; Oruç, E.E.; Unsalan, S.; Kandemirli, F.; Shvets, N.; Rollas, S. & Anatholy, D. (2006). Synthesis and characterization of novel hydrazide-hydrazones and the study of their structure antituberculosis activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 41: 1253-1261.
- Kredy, H. M.; Zaid, A. K.; Affat, S. A. & Majid, A. (2015). Identification of major phenolic compounds in leaves of Populus euphratica. Basic Res. J. Agric. Sci. Rev., 4(3): 71-74.
- Kumoroa, A. C.; Hasana, M. & Singha, H. (2009). Effects of solvent properties on the soxhlet extraction of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata leaves. Sci. Asia, 35: 306-309.
- Küçükgüzel, ?.G.; Oruç E.E.; Rollas S.; ?ahin, F. & Ozbek, A. (2002). Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel 4-thiazolidinones, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, and some related compounds. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 37: 197-206.
- Nair, M.G.; Putnam, A.R.; Mishra, S.K.;Mulks, M.H.; Taft, W.H.; Keller, J.E. & Miller, J.R. (1989). Faeriefungin, a new broad spectrum antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus var. autotrophicus. J. Natur. Prod., 52 (4): 979-809. (Cited by Alfadhul, S.A.M. 2004. Production of nucleoside antibiotic from locally Isolated Streptomyces rimosus. M. Sc. Thesis. Coll. Sci., Univ. Basrah: 43pp).
- Newman, D.J. & Cragg, G.M. (2012). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J. Nat. Prod.,75: 311-335.
- Pamplona–Roger, G.D. (1999). Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1 & 2. 2nd ed. Educ. Health Library, The European Union, UK: Pp. 128 -150.
- Rahman, M.A.; Rahman M.A. & Ahmed,N.U. (2013). Phytochemical and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Cassia hirsuta leaves. Bangladesh. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 48(1):43-50.
- Rollas, S.; Gülerman, N. & Erdeniz, H. (2002).Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new hydrazones of 4-fluorobenzoic acid hydrazide and 3-acetyl- 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolines.Farmaco., 57: 171-174.
- Royer, M.; Houde, R.; Viano, Y. & Stevanovic, T. (2012). Non-wood forest products based on extractives-A new opportunity for the Canadian forest industry part 1: hardwood forest species. J. Food Res., 1(3):8-45. (Cited by St-Pierre,et al., 2018).
- Sabri, F.Z.; Belarbi, M.; Sabri, S. & Alsayadi, M.M.S. (2012). Phytochemical screening and identification of some compounds from Mallow. J. Nat. Prod. Plant. Res., 2(4): 512-516.
- Saroya, A.S. (2011). Herbalism, Phytochemistry, and Ethnopharmacology. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Science Publishers, USA: 427pp.
- Shah, B. & Seth, A. (2010). Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 1st ed. Elsevier, Kundli, Haryana: 578pp.
- Shariff, Z. U. (2001). Modern Herbal Therapy for Common Ailments. Nature Pharmacy Series. Vol. 1, Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria in Association with Safari Books (Export) Limited, U K.: 99pp.
- St-Pierre, A.; Blondeau, D.; Lajeunesse, A.; Bley, J.; Bourdeau, N. & Desgagné-Penix, I. (2018). Phytochemical screening of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) extracts by UPLC-QTOF-MS and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Molecules., 23(1739): 1-21. doi:10.3390/molecules23071739.
- Wolfender, J.L.; Eugster, P.J.; Bohni, N. & Cuendet, M. (2011). Advanced methods for natural products discovery in the field of nutraceuticals. Chimia., 6: 400-406.
- Yuksek, D.; Algul, O.; Dögen, A.; Tari, O.; Kucuk, E.; Otag, Z.F. & Serin, M.S.(2013). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of some benzimidazole and indole derivatives. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 7(17): 1708-1715.
References
Ahmad, I.; Mehomood, Z. & Mohammed, F. (1998). Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. J. Ethnopharma., 62(2): 183-193.
Al-Hussaini, R. & Mahasneh, A.M. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanol extract of different parts of medicinal plants in Jordan. J. J. Pharmace. Sci., 4(1): 57 -69. (Cited by Boudkhili et al., 2012).Altemimi, A.; Lakhssassi, N.; Baharlouei, A.; Watson, D.G. & Lightfoot, D.A. (2017). Phytochemicals: Extraction, isolation, and identi?cation of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Plants, 6(42): 1-23.
Andri, C.K.; Masitah, H. & Harcharan, S. (2009). Effects of solvent properties on the soxhlet extraction of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata leaves. Sci. Asia., 35: 306-309.
Badi, J.M.; Resen, H.M.; Majeed, A.M. & Abd Al razak, M.M. (2016). Antimicrobial activity of Populous euphratica leaves extracts on growth of some gram negative bacteria. J. Eng. & Technol., 34B(5): 169- 170.
Ballian, D.; Kajba, D. & Idzojtic, M. (2006). Morphological diversity of hairy European black poplar (Populus nigra subsp. caudina) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Univ. Banja Luka., 5: 13-22.
Boudkhili, M.; Greche, H.; Bouhdid, S.; Zerargui, F. & Aarab, L. (2012). In Vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of some Moroccan medicinal plants. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 4(2): 637-642.
Chang, C.C.; Yang, M.H.; Wen, H. & Chern,M. J. C. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolish by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal., 10(3): 178-82.
Ferreira, S.; Batista, D.; Serrazina, S. & Pais,M. (2006). Proteome profiling of Populus euphratica Oliv. upon heat stress. Ann.. Bot.-London, 98 (2): 361-377.
Ferreira, S.; Batista, D.; Serrazin, S. & Pais,M. (2009). Morphogenesis induction and organogenic nodule differentiation in Populus euphratica Oliv. leaf explants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 69(1): 35-43.
Gupta, M.; Thakur, S.; Sharma, A. & Gupta,S. (2013). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals and pharmacological value of some dye yielding medicinal plants, Orient. J. Chem., 29(2): 475-481.
Han, Y.; Wang, W.; Sun, J.; Ding, M.;Zhao, R.; Deng, S.; Wang, F.; Hu, Y.; Wang, Y; et al., (2013). Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants. J. Exp. Bot., 64(14): 4225- 4238.
Haouat, A.C.; El Guendouzi, S.; Haggoud, A.; David, S.; Sqalli, H.; Ibnsouda, S. & Iraqui, M. (2013). Antimycobacterial activity of Populus alba leaf extracts. J. Med. Plants Res., 7(16): 1015-1021.
Karou, D.; Savadogo, A.; Canini, A.; Yameogo, S.; Montesano, C.; Simpore, J.; Colizzi, V. & Traore, A.S. (2006). Antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida acuta. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5: 195-200.
Kaymakç?o?lu, K.B.; Oruç, E.E.; Unsalan, S.; Kandemirli, F.; Shvets, N.; Rollas, S. & Anatholy, D. (2006). Synthesis and characterization of novel hydrazide-hydrazones and the study of their structure antituberculosis activity. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 41: 1253-1261.
Kredy, H. M.; Zaid, A. K.; Affat, S. A. & Majid, A. (2015). Identification of major phenolic compounds in leaves of Populus euphratica. Basic Res. J. Agric. Sci. Rev., 4(3): 71-74.
Kumoroa, A. C.; Hasana, M. & Singha, H. (2009). Effects of solvent properties on the soxhlet extraction of diterpenoid lactones from Andrographis paniculata leaves. Sci. Asia, 35: 306-309.
Küçükgüzel, ?.G.; Oruç E.E.; Rollas S.; ?ahin, F. & Ozbek, A. (2002). Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel 4-thiazolidinones, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, and some related compounds. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 37: 197-206.
Nair, M.G.; Putnam, A.R.; Mishra, S.K.;Mulks, M.H.; Taft, W.H.; Keller, J.E. & Miller, J.R. (1989). Faeriefungin, a new broad spectrum antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus var. autotrophicus. J. Natur. Prod., 52 (4): 979-809. (Cited by Alfadhul, S.A.M. 2004. Production of nucleoside antibiotic from locally Isolated Streptomyces rimosus. M. Sc. Thesis. Coll. Sci., Univ. Basrah: 43pp).
Newman, D.J. & Cragg, G.M. (2012). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J. Nat. Prod.,75: 311-335.
Pamplona–Roger, G.D. (1999). Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1 & 2. 2nd ed. Educ. Health Library, The European Union, UK: Pp. 128 -150.
Rahman, M.A.; Rahman M.A. & Ahmed,N.U. (2013). Phytochemical and biological activities of ethanolic extract of Cassia hirsuta leaves. Bangladesh. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 48(1):43-50.
Rollas, S.; Gülerman, N. & Erdeniz, H. (2002).Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new hydrazones of 4-fluorobenzoic acid hydrazide and 3-acetyl- 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazolines.Farmaco., 57: 171-174.
Royer, M.; Houde, R.; Viano, Y. & Stevanovic, T. (2012). Non-wood forest products based on extractives-A new opportunity for the Canadian forest industry part 1: hardwood forest species. J. Food Res., 1(3):8-45. (Cited by St-Pierre,et al., 2018).
Sabri, F.Z.; Belarbi, M.; Sabri, S. & Alsayadi, M.M.S. (2012). Phytochemical screening and identification of some compounds from Mallow. J. Nat. Prod. Plant. Res., 2(4): 512-516.
Saroya, A.S. (2011). Herbalism, Phytochemistry, and Ethnopharmacology. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Science Publishers, USA: 427pp.
Shah, B. & Seth, A. (2010). Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 1st ed. Elsevier, Kundli, Haryana: 578pp.
Shariff, Z. U. (2001). Modern Herbal Therapy for Common Ailments. Nature Pharmacy Series. Vol. 1, Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria in Association with Safari Books (Export) Limited, U K.: 99pp.
St-Pierre, A.; Blondeau, D.; Lajeunesse, A.; Bley, J.; Bourdeau, N. & Desgagné-Penix, I. (2018). Phytochemical screening of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) extracts by UPLC-QTOF-MS and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Molecules., 23(1739): 1-21. doi:10.3390/molecules23071739.
Wolfender, J.L.; Eugster, P.J.; Bohni, N. & Cuendet, M. (2011). Advanced methods for natural products discovery in the field of nutraceuticals. Chimia., 6: 400-406.
Yuksek, D.; Algul, O.; Dögen, A.; Tari, O.; Kucuk, E.; Otag, Z.F. & Serin, M.S.(2013). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of some benzimidazole and indole derivatives. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 7(17): 1708-1715.