Main Article Content
Abstract
Biscuits are a popular ready-to-eat food due to their affordable cost and long shelf life. Herein, we review the quality parameters of the biscuits, with a special focus on the changes caused by thermal processing. Particularly, the presence of possible contaminants, including the production of hydroxymethylfurfural is reviewed. In addition, the various microbiological sources of concern during the biscuit-making process, and their effect on the shelf-life and quality of the biscuits are presented. Based on the current state of literature, modern challenges in biscuit-making and a future outlook of the biscuit industry is provided. This review will be useful in understanding the current state of the literature regarding the quality parameters of biscuits and the important critical control points in order to maintain the safety and high quality of biscuits produced.
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References
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Alkanan, Z. T., Altemimi, A. B., Al-Hilphy, A. R. S., Cacciola, F., & Ibrahim, S. I. (2021). Application and effects of ohmic-vacuum combination heating on the quality factors of tomato paste. Foods, 10, 12, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10122920
Al-Nasiry, B. S. A. (2020). Detection of bacterial contamination in filled and dried biscuit products of young children. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Health, 23(16), 231-602. http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231602
Al-Nasser, M., Fayssal, I., & Moukalled, F. (2021). Numerical simulation of bread baking in a convection oven. Applied Thermal Engineering, 184, 116252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116252
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Al-Timimi, S. S., Habib, K. A., & Khathier, E. J. (2010). Microbial contamination in some commercial biscuits in Baghdad City. Baghdad Science Journal, 7(2), 867-875. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2010.7.2.867-875. https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/1051
Aly, A. A. (2019). Chemical, rheological, sensorial and microbial evaluation of supplemented wheat flour biscuit with guava seeds powder. Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences, 10(5), 147-152. https://doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2019.43132
Aly, A. A., El-Deeb, F. E., Abdelazeem, A. A., Hameed, A. M., Alfi, A. A., Alessa, H., & Alrefaei, A. F. (2021). Addition of whole barley flour as a partial substitute of wheat flour to enhance the nutritional value of biscuits. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(5), 103112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103112
Arepally, D., Reddy, R. S., Goswami, T. K., & Datta, A. K. (2020). Biscuit baking: A review. LWT Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie, 131 (2), 109726.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109726
Arimi, J. M., Duggan, E., O’sullivan, M., Lyng, J. G., & O’riordan, E. D. (2010). Effect of water activity on the crispiness of a biscuit (Crackerbread): Mechanical and acoustic evaluation. Food Research International, 43(6), 1650-1655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.05.004
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Capuano, E, & Fogliano, V. (2011). Acrylamide and 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF): A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food and mitigation strategies. LWT -Food Science and Technology, 44(4), 793-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.11.002
Codex Alimentarius Commission (2015). Joint FAO/WHO standards programme Codex committee on contaminants in foods, fifth session. Working document for information and use in discussions related to contaminants and toxins in the GSCTFF Codex Alimentary Comission, Vialedelle Terme di Caracalla Rome, 90pp.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2158 of 20 November (2017). Establishing mitigation measures and benchmark levels for the reduction of the presence of acrylamide in food (Text with EEA relevance.) (OJ L 304 20.11.2017, p. 24, CELEX: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017R2158)
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