Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 878 Download : 428

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seed powder (OSP) in diets on performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters, and gut microbial populations in broiler chickens. For the present experiment, 216 day old chicks were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting three replicates of 18 chicks in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated with diet 1 as the basal diet (control), while 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with OSP at 1, 2 and 4 %, respectively. The results revealed that the highest final live body weight, accumulative weight gain, and better feed conversion ratio was achieved in birds fed with 1 or 2 % of OSP. Feed intake and carcass characteristics were similar among groups. The highest relative weight of the spleen and cecum was observed in the control group, while the lowest value was observed in birds fed with 4% and 2% OSP, respectively. The longest length of the gastrointestinal tract was seen in 2% OSP compared to other groups. Serum cholesterol and ALT activity were decreased as compared to control diets. The group fed with 2 % OSP showed higher albumin levels compared to those fed with 1% of OSP. The population of total bacteria and Escherichia coli in jejunum digesta of OSP supplemented broiler chickens was reduced, meanwhile, there was an increased in lactic acid bacteria counts as compared to control. Therefore, 1 and 2 % okra seed powder in the diet of broiler chickens was able to improve the growth performance.

Keywords

Broiler Okra seed powder Productive performance Biochemical traits

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Abbas, R. J. . (2021). Effect of Supplementing Different Levels of Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Parameters and Gut Microbial Populations in Broiler Chickens. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 34(2), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.03
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abouel-Yazeed, A. M. (2019). Incorporation of okra seeds powder to employ in some foodstuffs based on its physical, chemical and sensorial evaluation. Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences, 10, 231-236. http:// 10.21608/jfds.2019.53498
  2. Al-Fayadh, H. A. A., Naji, S. A. H., & Al-Hajo, N. N. (2011). Poultry Meat Technology. 2nd part. Higher Education Press, University of Baghdad, 292pp. (In Arabic).
  3. Aligita, W., Muhsinin, S., Ssilawati, E., DahliaPratiwi, D.S., Aprilliani, D., Artarini, A., & Adnyana, I.K. (2019. Antidiabetic activity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruit extract. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 12, 157-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2019.1215059
  4. Al-Kanani, I.A. S., Al-Hilifi, S. A. H., & Abd-Al-Kareem, A. H. (2019). Extraction of Iraqi okra seeds oil and study of its properties during different periods. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(Special Issue 2), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.257
  5. Amin, I. M. (2011). Nutritional properties of Abelmoschus Esculentus as remedy to manage diabetes mellitus: A literature review. International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Technology, IPCBEE vol. 11 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore.
  6. A.O.A.C. (2016). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. George W., & Latimer, Jr. (Eds.), 20th edition. Rockville, Maryland 20850-3250, 3172pp.
  7. Arapitsas, P. (2008). Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins. Food Chemistry, 110, 1041-1045. http://doi. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.014
  8. Atawodi, S. E., Atawodi, J. C., Idakwo, G. A., Pfundstein, B., Haubner, R., Wurtele, G., Spiegelhalder, B., Bartsch, H., & Owen, R.W. (2009). Polyphenol composition and antioxidant potential of Hibiscus esculentus L. fruit cultivated in Nigeria. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12, 1316–1320. http://doi.10.1089/jmf.2008.0211
  9. Benchasri, S. (2012). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as a valuable vegetable of the world. Ratarstvoi Povrtarstvo. 49, 105-112. https://doi.10.5937/ratpov49-1172
  10. Chaudhari, Y, Kumar, E. P., Badhe, M., Mody, H, R., & Acharya, V. B. (2011). An evaluation of antibacterial activity of Abelmoschus esculentus on clinically isolated infectious disease causing bacterial pathogen from hospital. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research, 1, 107-111. Available on line https://eijppr.com/GDOCQ5P
  11. De Carvalho, C. C. C. R., Cruz, P.A., da Fonseca, M. M. R., & Xavier-Filho, L. (2011). Antibacterial properties of the extract of Abelmoschus esculentus. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 16, 971-977. http://doi. 10.1007/s12257-011-0050-6
  12. Dhruve, J. J., Shukla, Y., Shah, R., Patel, J., & Talati, J. G. (2015). Contribution of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds towards the nutritional characterization. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4, 1009-1023.
  13. Dhruve, J. J., Shukla, M. Y., Shah, R., Patel, J., & Talati, J. G., (2020). Contribution of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds towards the nutritional characterization. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, (Abs.). https://www.wjpps.com/Wjpps_controller/abstract_id/3406
  14. Doreddula, K. S., Bonam, R. S., Gaddam, P. D., Desu, R.S.R., Ramarao, N., & Pandy, V. (2014). Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antistress, and nootropic activities of aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in mice. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-14. https://doi. 10.1155/2014/519848
  15. Gemede, H. F., Ratta, N., Haki, G. D., Woldegiorgis, A. Z., & Beyene, F. (2015). Nutritional quality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A review. Journal of Food Processing & Technology, 6, 1-6. http://doi:10.4172/2157-7110.1000458
  16. Harrigan W. F., & McCance M. E. (1976). Laboratory Methods in Microbiology. 1st edition, Academic Press, London and New York. 374pp.
  17. Hassan, M. A. M., & Ali, H. M. (2015). The nutritional composition of three cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seeds flour. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 10, 122-131. https://doi. 10.5829/idosi.wjdfs.2015.10.2.1150
  18. Hu, L., Yu, W., Li, Y., Prasad, N., & Tang, Z. (2014). Antioxidant activity of extract and its major constituents from okra seed on rat hepatocytes injured by carbon tetrachloride. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/341291
  19. Jones, N. A. (2017). Investigation the bacterial inactivation potential of purified okra (Hibiscus esculentus) seed proteins in water Purification. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 13, 6-14.
  20. Kahlon, T. S., Chapman, M. H., & Smith, G. E., (2007). In vitro binding of bile acids by okra, beets, asparagus, eggplant, turnips, green beans, carrot and cauliflower. Food Chemistry, 103, 676–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.056
  21. Kalarani, G., Govindharajan, M., Leoney, A., Prabhu, A., Krishnakumar, R., & Dhurikaliyamorthy, S. (2017). Antibacterial effect of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) extracts on dental caries derived Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 16, 63-66. https://doi.10.9790/0853-1604026366
  22. Kumar, D. S., Tony, D. E., Kumar, A. P., Kumar, K. A., Rao, D. B. S., & Nadendla, R. (2013). A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra). International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences, 3, 129-132. https://scienztech.org/irjpas/article/view/586
  23. Kumar, S., Dagnoko, S., Haougui, A., Ratnadass, A., Pasternak, D., & Kouame, C. (2010). Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) in West and Central Africa: Potential and progress on its improvement. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5, 3590-3598. http://oar.icrisat.org/168/1/nset4.pdf
  24. Liao, H., W. Dong, X. Shi, H.Liu, & K. Yuan. (2012). Analysis and comparison of the active components and antioxidant activities of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L. Pharmagnosy Magazine, 8, 156–161. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.96570
  25. Liu, G. –D., Hou, G.-Y., Wang, D.-J., Lv, S.-J., Zhang, X.-Y., Sun, W.-P., & Yang, Y. (2008). Skin pigmentation evaluation in broilers fed different levels of natural okra and synthetic pigments. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17, 498–504. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00058
  26. Lodhi, G. N., Singh, D., & Ichhponani, J. S., (1976). Variation in nutrient content of feeding stuffs rich in protein and reassessment of the chemical method for metabolizable energy estimation for poultry. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 86, 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600054757
  27. Mabelebele, M., Alabi, O. J., Ng, ambi, J. W., Norris, D., & Ginindza, M. M., (2014). Compaction of gastrointestinal tract and pH values of digestive organs of Ross 308 broiler and indigenous Venda chickens fed the same diet. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 71-76. https://doi. 10.3923/ajava.2014.71.7.
  28. Machebe, N. S., Ugwu, S. O, Atu, C. S., & Mbunwen, N-F H., (2013). Intake of some biological seeds and root extracts of plants improves fertility and hatchability of Turkey eggs. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 9, 538-542. https://doi. 10.6000/1927-5129.2013.09.69
  29. MEF. (Ministry of Environment and Forest) (2013). Biology of Okra. Series of crop specific biology document. Ministry of Environmental and Forest Government of India. 26pp. http://bangladeshbiosafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Biology_of_Okra_In.pdf
  30. Messing, J., Thöle, C., Niehues, M., Shevtsova, A., Glocker, E., Borén, T., & Hensel, A. (2014). Antiadhesive properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) immature fruit extract against Helicobacter pylori adhesion. PLoS ONE, 9, e84836. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084836
  31. NAP. (2006). National Academies Press. Lost crops of Africa volume II: Vegetables. Washington, D.C., The National Academies Press, 378pp. www.nap.edu/catalog/11763.html: pp. 287-301
  32. Ndangui, C. B., Kimbonguila, A., Nzikou, J. M., Matos, L., Pambou-Tobi., N. P. G, Abena, A. A., Silou, Th., Scher, J., & Desobry, S. (2010). Nutritive composition and properties physic -chemical of Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2, 49-54.
  33. Ngoc, T. H., Ngo, Q. N., Van, A.T. T., & Vo Phung, N. (2008). Hypolipidemic effect of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Malvaceae) on Tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 35, 42-46.
  34. Nwachukwu, E. C., Nulit, R., & Go, R. (2014). Nutritional and biochemical properties of Malaysian okra variety. Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research, 2, 16–19.
  35. Olorunnipa, T. A., Igbokwe, C. C., Lawal, T. O., Adeniyi, B. A., & Mahady, G. B. (2013). Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench (okra): An in vitro study. Clinical Microbiology, 2, 132. https://doi.10.4172/2327-5073.1000132
  36. Roy, A., Shrivastava, S. L., & Mandal, S. M. (2014). Functional properties of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench): traditional claims and scientific evidences. Plant Science Today, 1, 121-130. https://doi. 10.14719/pst.2014.1.3.63
  37. Sabitha, V., Ramachandran, S., Naveen, K. R., & Panneerselvam, K. (2011). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 3, 397–402. https://doi.10.4103/0975-7406.84447
  38. Sabitha, V., Ramachandran, S., Naveen, K. R., & Panneerselvam, K. (2012). Investigation of in vivo antioxidant property of Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench fruit seed and peel powders in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 3, 188-193. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.104432
  39. Shui, G., & Peng, L. L. (2004). An improved method for the analysis of major antioxidants of Hibiscus esculentus Linn. Journal of Chromatography A, 1048, 17–24. https://doi.10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.032
  40. Singha, P., Chauhana, V., Tiwaria, B. K., Chauhanb, S. S., Simonb, S., Bilalc, S., & Abidia, A. B. (2014). An overview on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and its importance as a nutritive vegetable in the world. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4, 227-233. www.ijpbs.com
  41. SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. (2015). Quantitative Data Analysis with IBM SPSS version 23: A Guide for Social Scientists. New York: Routledge.
  42. Tietz, N. W. (1999). Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed. Burtis, E R Ash Wood, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 616pp.