Article Sidebar

Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 71 Download : 9

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

: Leaf characteristics of four genera represented by nine species belonging to the family Malvaceae were examined: Althaea ludwigii L., Gossypium herbaceum L., Hibiscus cannabinum L., H. sabdariffa L., H. rosa-sinensis L., H. tiliaceus L., Malva sylvestris L., M. nicaeensis All., and M. parviflora L. The results reveal differences in the shape of anticlinal wall cells, stomatal frequency, stomatal index, and trichome types among the species. Additionally, the shape of the anticlinal wall cells is straight in A. ludwigii, G. herbaceum, H. sabdariffa and H. tiliaceu species; sinuate in H. cannabinum and H. rosa-sinensis and undulate or strongly undulate in Malva species. On average epidermal cells in the upper epidermis of M. sylvestris were 91.25 µm long, while on average, they were 27.18 µm long in H. tiliaceus. The current results identified five different stomatal patterns: anomocytic (rununculaceous); hemiparacytic; paracytic; anisocytic (cruciferous) and diacytic. Trichomes on the leaves are recognized as unicellular non-glandular in M. parviflora, M. nicaeensis, and M. sylvestris, glandular in H. rosa-sinensis, G. herbaceum, and H. sabdariffa, and stellate hairs in M. nicaeensis, M. parviflora, M. sylvestris and A. ludwigii. The stomatal index varies between species and on the upper and lower epidermis. The highest stomatal index was 50.98 in H. sabdariffa on the lower surface and the lowest 7.11 on the upper surface.

Keywords

Epidermal cells Leaf Malvaceae Stomata Trichome

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Al-Taie, S. S. ., & Al-Saadi, S. A. . (2025). Comparative study of upper and lower leaf epidermis and trichomes in some species belong to Malvaceae family. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 38(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2024.38.1.4
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abbas, R. J. (2021). Effect of supplementing different levels of okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and gut microbial populations in broiler chickens. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 34(2), 29-41, https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/434
  2. Abdullah, N. A., Alpresem, W. F., & Hzaa, A. Y. L. (2025). Effect of Plant Extracts and Nano-Selenium on the Anatomical Characteristics of Mango Seedling Leaves (Mangifera indica L.) Under Stress Conditions. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1487, No. 1, p. 012042). IOP Publishing.‏ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1487/1/012042
  3. Akcin, O.E. & Ozbucak, T.B. (2006) Morphological, anatomical and ecological studies on medicinal and edible plants Malva neglecta Wallr (Malvaceae). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9, 2716– 2719. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjbs.2006.2716.2719
  4. Al-Garory, N. H., & Al-Kaabi, W. J. (2020). Determination of some Heavy Metals Concentration in some Dairy Products from Three Different Regions of Basrah, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33(2), 1–13. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/206
  5. Al-Hawshabi, O.S. (2024). Anatomical study on Hibiscus L. (Malvoideae) of Malvaceae Sensu lato in Toor Al-Bahadistrict, Lahej Governorate, Yemen. Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.47372/ejua-ba.2024.1.332
  6. Al-Mousawi, N.; Al-Waheeb, A.N. & Al-Saadi, S.A.M. (2019). Anatomical study of some species belonging to the Papaveraceae family in north of Iraq. Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum. 15 (4): 363-379. https://doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.4.036
  7. Al-Saadi, S. A. A.; Al-Taie, S.S. & Al-Waheeb, A.N. (2023). Anatomical study of Nerium oleander L. leaves found in places contaminated with H2S. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science:1-7. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1215/1/012052
  8. Al-Saadi, S. A. A; Qader, K.O & Fetah, H. F. (2019) Anatomical characters used to delimit species of some genera of Brassicaceae in Iraq. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani. (Part-A): 1-21. https://sjpas.univsul.edu.iq/article?id=823
  9. Al-Taie, S. S., Al-Waheeb, A.N. & Al-Saadi, S.A.A. (2018). Anatomical study of some species of Caryophyllaceae in Iraq. Biochemical and Cellular Archives.18(2): 2173-2179. https://www.connectjournals.com/pages/articledetails/toc028896
  10. Arabameri, M., Khodayari, H. & Zarre, S. (2020). Trichome micromorphology in Alcea L. and allied genera (Malvaceae). And its systematic implication. Nordic journal of Botany:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02540
  11. Celka, Z., Szkudlarz, P. & Biereżnoj, U. (2006). Morphological variation of hairs in Malvaceae L. (Malvaceae). Biodiversity Research and Conservation, 3-4: 258-261. http://brc.amu.edu.pl/Morphological-variation-of-hairs-in-Malva-alcea-L-Malvaceae-,121604,0,2.html
  12. Chachad, D. P. & Vaidya, M. (2016). Stomatal studies on some selected plants of Malvaceae. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 5 (3), 1060-1068. https://www.wjpr.net/abstract_show/4759
  13. Christenhusz, M.J.M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). The number of known plant species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa, 261(3), 201-217. https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.261.3.1
  14. Chung, R.C.K. (2002). Leaf epidermal micromorphology of Grewia L. and Microcos L. (Tiliaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 54, 263-286. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/134137/author?bpg1&ppg=1&psize=250#/sections
  15. El Kholy, D.M., Mohamed, A.H. & Khafagi, A.A.F. (2023) The taxonomic significance of pollen and seed morphology in the Mimosoideae and Caesalpinoideae (Leguminosae). Egyptian Journal of Botany, 63(1), 31–43. https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_257980.html
  16. Esau, K. (1965). Plant anatomy. 2nd ed. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, Calctta, Madras, 767. https://www.amazon.com/Plant-Anatomy-2nd-Katherine-Esau/dp/0471244562
  17. Essiett, U.A. & Iwok, E. S. (2014). Floral and leaf anatomy of Hibiscus species. American Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2 (5), 101-117. https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmbr/2/5/1/index.html
  18. Hashim, M. G., Hashim, M. G., & Abdullah, A. M. (2019). Corn cobs Efficiency in Adsorption of Cadmium Ions (Cd+2) from its Aquatic Solutions. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32, 135–139. https://www.bajas.edu.iq/BJAS/index.php/bjas/article/view/76
  19. Ibrahim, Z.M.; Hassan, S.A.; Karakish, E.A. & Ismail, I.M. (2023) Significance of seed storage protein and seed morphological characters in the classification of some species of Malvaceae. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 63(2), 431–455. https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_275143.html
  20. Karakish, E. A.; Al-Ruzayza, S. & Khalik, K. A. (2020). Comparative anatomical studies of some species of family Malvaceae from Saudi Arabia and its systematic significance. The Egyptian Society of Experimental Biology. (Bot.), 16(2), 203 - 221. https://www.bibliomed.org/?mno=29845
  21. Kumari, N. & Kandir, K. (2021). Comparative study of stomatal index of some ethnomedicinal plants of some species of family Malvaceae in Ranchi district of Jharkhand. Biospectra. 16(1), 81-84. https://mset-biospectra.org/2021/09/comparative-study-of-stomatal-index-of-some-ethnomedicinal-plants-of-some-species-of-family-malvaceae-in-ranchi-district-of-jharkhand/
  22. Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L. (1979) "Anatomy of Dicotyledons", 2nd ed. Vol.1, Oxford University Press, London, 276p. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1365527
  23. Mitra, S., Maiti, G.G. & Maity, D. (2015). Structure and distribution of heteromorphic stomata in Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br. (Malvaceae, formerly Sterculiaceae). Adansonia. 3, 37 (1), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.5252/a2015n1a9
  24. Munir, M., Khan, M.A.; Ahmad, M.; Abbasi, A.M.; Zafar, M.; Khan, K. Y.; Tariq, T.; Tabassum, S.; Ahmed, S.N.; Habiba, U. & Bano, A. (2011). Taxonomic potential of foliar epidermal anatomy among the wild culinary vegetables of Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5(13), pp. 2857-2862. https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-abstract/9FA9B5418606
  25. Naskar, S. (2016). Anatomical studies of some common members of Malvaceae S.S. from West Bengal. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences., 5(1), 1-7. https://www.cibtech.org/J-Plant-Sciences/PUBLICATIONS/2016/JPS-05-01-Contents.htm
  26. Nbeaa, R. A., Abo-Trabi, B. & Ahmad, E. (2023). Phenotypic correlation and path coefficient and relative Importance studies in okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 36(1), 50-59. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/906
  27. Obead, F. I.., & Jerry, A. N. (2019). Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Spraying with Tocopherol on Na, K, K+/Na+ and Cl- and Chemical Components of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32, 291–301. https://bjas.bajas.edu.iq/index.php/bjas/article/view/99
  28. Rakhimov, A., Yoziev, L. & Duschanova, G. (2021). Structural features of the vegetative bodies of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Sev. Malvaceae Juss.) growing under the conditions in Uzbekistan. BIO Web of Conferences., 30, 04006 https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213004006
  29. Ramírez-Díaz, M., Gutiérrez, J., & Terrazas, T. (2024). Arquitectura y anatomía foliar de ocho especies de Tilia (Malvaceae). Acta Botanica Mexicana, (131). https://doi.org/10.21829/abm131.2024.2332
  30. Silva, P. C.; Gallão, M. I. & De Arruda, E.C. (2023). Comparative anatomical study of two Malvaceae species from a seasonally dry forest. Flora. 303, 152290. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367253023000804
  31. Taia, W. K., Hassan, A. & El-Badan, G.E. (2023). Leaf variations within representative genera of tribe Malveae and their significance in the taxa phylogeny. Egyptian Journal Botany 63(3), 727-742. https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_290885.html
  32. Taia, W.K. & Mahdy, R.A. (2021) Significance of stomata and hair variations within some Bauhinia L. species. International Journal of Botany, 6(6), 322–327. https://www.botanyjournals.com/archives/2021/vol6/issue6/6-6-17
  33. Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (1980). Flora of Iraq. Cornaceae to Rubiaceae. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. Volume four –Part one. p: 219 -274. https://www.amazon.com/Flora-Iraq-Cornaceae-Rubiaceae-Part/dp/1842463314
  34. Uzunhisarcikli, M.E. & Vural, M. (2012). The taxonomic revision of Alcea and Althaea (Malvaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36(6), 603-636. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1108-11
  35. Wannan, B. S. (2024). Hibiscus cummingii Wannan (Malvaceae), a new species from north-east Queensland. Austrobaileya 14, 27–35. https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/austrobaileya
  36. Zhang, J., Cheng, C., Xiao, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, C., Zhao, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, S. & Wang, X. (2024). Effects of ploidy level on leaf morphology, stomata, and anatomical structure of Hibiscus syriacus L. BMC Plant Biology 24 (1), 34-45. https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-024-05778-y