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Abstract
Growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio were investigated in 13 plastic tanks (550 cm diameter and 130 cm depth) of semi-closed system at Abu Al- Khaseeb District, Basrah from 27 October to 17 December, 2016. Number of fishes in every tank was 1300 with an average initial weight 101.9 g. Fishes were fed at a ratio of 5% on sinking pelleted food manufactured in Basrah University factory with 25% protein ratio. Results of current study exhibited highest final weight (381.1 g) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 1 and lowest (326.3 g) in tank number 2. Average fish weight increments for 13 tanks were 248.2 g, with highest weight increment (266.5 g) achieved by fishes reared in tanks 6 and 11, while lowest (222.3 g) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 7. Result also appeared average daily growth of 4.87 g/day, with highest (5.22 g/day) achieved by fishes reared in tanks 6 and 11 and lowest (4.36 g/day) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 7. Average specific growth rate for 13 tanks was 2.44 %/day, with highest (3.10 %/day) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 3 and lowest (1.99 %/day) achieved in tank number 1. Average food conversion rate (FCR) for 13 tanks was 2.12, with highest (2.55) achieved by fishes reared in tanks number 1 and lowest (1.74) achieved by fishes reared in tank number 3.
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References
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- Bisht, A.; Singh, U.P. & Pandey, N.N. (2012). Bacillus subtilis as a potent probiotic for enhancing growth in fingerlings of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Indian J. Fish., 59(3): 103-108.
- Black, K.D. (2001). Environmental impacts of aquaculture. Sheffield Acad. Press, Sheffield: 219pp.
- Bridger, C.J. & Costa-Pierce, B.A. (2003). Open Ocean Aquaculture: From Research to Commercial Reality. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA. 351pp.
- Costa-Pierce, A.B. & Hadikusumah, H.Y. (1990). Research on cage aquaculture systems in the Saguling Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia. In: Reservoir fisheries and aquaculture development for resettlement in Indonesia. Pp: 112- 217. In Costa- Pierce, B.A. & Soemamoto, O. (Eds.). ICLARM Tech. Rep., 23: 378pp.
- FAO (2001). FAO Annual Report: The State of Food and Agriculture 2001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome: 295pp.
- Le François, N.R.; Jobling, M.; Carter, C.; Blier, P.U. & Savoie, A. (2010). Finfish aquaculture diversification. CAB Int. Publ., Wallingford: 681pp.
- Manomaitis, L. & Cremer, M.C. (2004). Growth performance of common carp fed soy-maximized feed in low volume, high density cages on Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. Results of ASA/Soy-in- Aquaculture 2004 Feeding Trial, American Soybean Association: 6pp.
- Moksness, E.; Kjørsvik, E. & Olsen, Y. (2004). Culture of cold-water marine fish. Blackwell Publ. Ltd., Oxford: 528pp.
- Parker, R. (2012). Aquaculture science, 3rd ed. Delmar, Cengage Learning, New York: 652pp.
- Pillay, T.V.R. & Dill, Wm.A. (1979). Advances in aquaculture. FAO Publication, Fishing News Books Ltd., Oxford: 653pp.
- Pillay, T.V.R. & Kutty, M.N. (2005). Aquaculture: Principles and practices, 2nd ed. Blackwell Publ. Ltd., Oxford: 640pp.
- Piska, R.S. & Naik, S.J.K. (2013). Introduction to freshwater aquaculture. Intermediate Vocational Course State Institute of Vocational Education and Board of Intermediate Education, Pp: 1-12. In Piska, R.S. (Ed.). Dept. Zoology, Coll. Sciences, Univ. Osmania, Hyderabad: 305pp.
- Pucher, J.; Tuan, N.N.; Yen, T.T. H.; Mayrhofer, R.; El-Matbouli, M. & Focken, U. (2012). Feeding fish without fishmeal: Earthworm meal as alternative animal protein source in rural areas. Conf. Tropentag, Göttingen: 19-21 Sept. 2012.
- Stickney, R.R. (2000). Encyclopedia of aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York: 1063pp.
- Stickney, R.R. (2005). Aquaculture: An introductory text. CAB Int. Publ., Wallingford: 278pp.
- Taher, M.M.; Al-Dubakel, A.Y. & Saleh, J.H. (2014). Effects of feeding ratio on growth and food conversion rate of common carp Cyprinus carpio reared in floating cages. Iraqi J. Aquacult., 11(1): 15-26. (in Arabic).
- Tomasso, J.R. (2002). Aquaculture and the environment in the United States. US Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 280pp.
- United States Department of Agriculture (2000). National Agricultural Statistics Service, 1997 Census of Aquaculture, Volume 3, Special Studies, Part 3. USDA, Washington, D.C.
References
Al-Jader, F.A-M. & Al-Sulevany, R.S. (2012). Evaluation of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. performance fed at three commercial diets. Mesopt. J. Agri., 40(4): 20-26.
Avault, J.W. (1996). Fundamentals of aquaculture: A step-by-step guide to commercial aquaculture. Baton Rouge, Lousiana, AVA Publ. Co. Inc.: 889pp.
Bisht, A.; Singh, U.P. & Pandey, N.N. (2012). Bacillus subtilis as a potent probiotic for enhancing growth in fingerlings of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Indian J. Fish., 59(3): 103-108.
Black, K.D. (2001). Environmental impacts of aquaculture. Sheffield Acad. Press, Sheffield: 219pp.
Bridger, C.J. & Costa-Pierce, B.A. (2003). Open Ocean Aquaculture: From Research to Commercial Reality. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA. 351pp.
Costa-Pierce, A.B. & Hadikusumah, H.Y. (1990). Research on cage aquaculture systems in the Saguling Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia. In: Reservoir fisheries and aquaculture development for resettlement in Indonesia. Pp: 112- 217. In Costa- Pierce, B.A. & Soemamoto, O. (Eds.). ICLARM Tech. Rep., 23: 378pp.
FAO (2001). FAO Annual Report: The State of Food and Agriculture 2001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome: 295pp.
Le François, N.R.; Jobling, M.; Carter, C.; Blier, P.U. & Savoie, A. (2010). Finfish aquaculture diversification. CAB Int. Publ., Wallingford: 681pp.
Manomaitis, L. & Cremer, M.C. (2004). Growth performance of common carp fed soy-maximized feed in low volume, high density cages on Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. Results of ASA/Soy-in- Aquaculture 2004 Feeding Trial, American Soybean Association: 6pp.
Moksness, E.; Kjørsvik, E. & Olsen, Y. (2004). Culture of cold-water marine fish. Blackwell Publ. Ltd., Oxford: 528pp.
Parker, R. (2012). Aquaculture science, 3rd ed. Delmar, Cengage Learning, New York: 652pp.
Pillay, T.V.R. & Dill, Wm.A. (1979). Advances in aquaculture. FAO Publication, Fishing News Books Ltd., Oxford: 653pp.
Pillay, T.V.R. & Kutty, M.N. (2005). Aquaculture: Principles and practices, 2nd ed. Blackwell Publ. Ltd., Oxford: 640pp.
Piska, R.S. & Naik, S.J.K. (2013). Introduction to freshwater aquaculture. Intermediate Vocational Course State Institute of Vocational Education and Board of Intermediate Education, Pp: 1-12. In Piska, R.S. (Ed.). Dept. Zoology, Coll. Sciences, Univ. Osmania, Hyderabad: 305pp.
Pucher, J.; Tuan, N.N.; Yen, T.T. H.; Mayrhofer, R.; El-Matbouli, M. & Focken, U. (2012). Feeding fish without fishmeal: Earthworm meal as alternative animal protein source in rural areas. Conf. Tropentag, Göttingen: 19-21 Sept. 2012.
Stickney, R.R. (2000). Encyclopedia of aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York: 1063pp.
Stickney, R.R. (2005). Aquaculture: An introductory text. CAB Int. Publ., Wallingford: 278pp.
Taher, M.M.; Al-Dubakel, A.Y. & Saleh, J.H. (2014). Effects of feeding ratio on growth and food conversion rate of common carp Cyprinus carpio reared in floating cages. Iraqi J. Aquacult., 11(1): 15-26. (in Arabic).
Tomasso, J.R. (2002). Aquaculture and the environment in the United States. US Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 280pp.
United States Department of Agriculture (2000). National Agricultural Statistics Service, 1997 Census of Aquaculture, Volume 3, Special Studies, Part 3. USDA, Washington, D.C.