Main Article Content
Abstract
Salted and unsalted Klunzinger's mullet Planiliza klunzingeri were dried using infrared halogen dryer with different temperatures (60, 65, 70, 75 and 80)°C and different storage periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35) days and studying their qualitative characteristics. The results showed that the moisture content decreased as drying time increased. The drying efficiency of the halogen dryer was 70.36 % at 60 °C and decreased as the drying temperature increased. Chemical composition of dried fish (salted and unsalted) showed that the moisture percentage was decreased, but the percentage of protein, fat and ash was increased after drying process. The percentage of moisture increased during the storage periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35) days, unlike the other chemical composition percentages were decreased with increasing storage periods. The results showed that the rehydration was decreased with the increase of drying temperatures for salted and unsalted dried fish. Moreover, the results showed that there was an increase in TBA after the drying process and during the storage periods. In addition, the results revealed that the microbial content of dried salted and unsalted fish was decreased. The results illustrated that the first order model can be used to predict pH value during storage periods. Artificial neural network (ANN) model had a good result of predicted moisture content.
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References
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References
Aboud, S.A.; Al-Temimi, A.B.; Al-Hilphy, A.R.S.; Yi-Chen, L. & Cacciola, F. (2019). A comprehensive review on infrared heating applications in food processing. Molecules, 24(22): 4125. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224125
Achaglinkame, M.A.; Owusu-Mensah, E.; Boakye, A.A. & Oduro, I. (2020). Effect of effect of size and drying time on the rehydration and sensory properties of freeze-dried snails (Achatina achatina). Int. J. Food Sci., 2020: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5714140
Al-Bayati, M.M.A. & Ahmed, B.A. (2008). Albumin preparation and study of mullet fish chemical composition and functional properties. Diyala J. Food Tech. Humanity, 32: 242-254. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=43376
Al-Fadhly, N.K.Z. (2009). Salting and drying of the Thelah fish (Scomberoides commersonianus) and studying its quality characteristics using sensory, chemical, physical and microbial indices. M. Sc. Thesis, Coll. Agric., Univ. Basrah. 195pp. (In Arabic).
Al-Hilphy, A.R.; Iskandar, M.Z. & Abdul Hassan, K.H. (2011). A study of drying some vegetables and fruit by halogen oven. Kufa J. Agric. Sci., 3(2): 216-232. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=12431
Al-Hilphy, A.R.S. & Al-Rikabi, A.K.J. (2013). Mathematical modelling experimental study on thin layer halogen dryer of strawberry and study it is effect on antioxidant activity. Am. J. Agri. Biol. Sci., 8(4): 268-281. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2013
Ali, A.H.; Adday, T.K. & Khamees, N.R. (2018). Catalogue of marine fishes of Iraq. Biol. Appl. Environ. Res., 2(2): 298-368. https://un.uobasrah.edu.iq/papers/10391.pdf
Al-Rubai’y, H.H.; Abdul Hassan, K.H. & Eskandder, M.Z. (2020). Drying and salting fish using different methods and their effect on the sensory, chemical and microbial indices. Multidiscip. Rev., 3: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.29327/multi.2020003
Al-Shatty, S.M.H.; Al-Fadhly, N.K.Z. & Salah, Y.A. (2013). Assessing the microbiological quality of salted and dried Thelah fish (Scomberoides commersonianus). Kufa J. Agric. Sci., 5(1): 214-227. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=65811
Al-Shatty, S.M.H.; Al-Gwabrawy, A.A. & Al-Hilphy, A.R.S. (2014). Study of chemical and microbiological characteristics of dried Cyprians carpio by vacuum solar dryer (Locally manufactured) (Part 2). Thi-Qar Univ. J. Agric. Res., 3(1): 341-358. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=94690
Al-Temimi, A.; Aziz, S.N.; Al-Hilphy, A.R.; Lakhssassi, N.; Watson, D.G. & Ibrahim, S.A. (2019). Critical review of radio-frequency (RF) heating applications in food processing. Food Qual. Saf., 3(2): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyz002
Al-Temimi, W.K.A. (2018). Studying of physical and chemical properties and microbial content for dried fish by microwave. Diyala J. Agric. Sci., 10(1): 12-28. https://iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=161966
Andrews, W. (1992). Manuals of Food Quality Control, 4. Microbiological analysis. FAO Food and Nutrition paper No.14/4 (Rev.1), Rome: 347pp. http://www.fao.org/3/T0610E/T0610E.pdf
Azam, K.; Basher, M.Z.; Ali, M.Y.; Asaduzzaman, M. & Hossain, M.M. (2003). Comparative study of organoleptic, microbiological and biochemical qualities of four selected dried fish in summer and winter. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 6(24): 2030-2033. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.2030.2033
Boeri, C.; Neto da Silva, F.; Ferreira, J.; Saraiva, J. & Salvador, Â. (2011). Predicting the drying kinetics of salted codfish (Gadus morhua): Semi?empirical, diffusive and neural network models. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 46(3): 509-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02513.x
Chen, X.; Fang, F. & Wang, S. (2020). Physicochemical properties and hepatoprotective effects of glycated Snapper fish scale peptides conjugated with xylose via maillard reaction. Food Chem. Toxicol., 137: 111115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111115
Darvishi, H.; Azadbakht , M.; Rezaeiasl, A. & Farhang, A. (2013). Drying characteristics of sardine fish dried with microwave heating. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 12(2): 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2012.09.002
Deng, Y.; Wang, R.; Wang, Y.; Sun, L.; Tao, S.; Li, X. & Zhao, J. (2020). Diversity and succession of microbial communities and chemical analysis in dried Lutianus erythropterus during storage. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 314: 108416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108416
Dubey, A.; Sagar, A.; Malkani, P.; Choudhary, M.K. & Ramnath, S.S. (2020). A comprehensive review on greenhouse drying technology. J. Agric. Ecol. Res. Int., 10-20. https://doi.org/10.9734/JAERI/2020/v21i130123
Egan, H.; Kirk, R.S. & Sawyer, R. (1988). Pearson's Chemical Analysis of Foods. 8th ed. Longman Scientific and Technical, The Bath Press, 591pp.
El-Sebaiy, L.A. & Metwalli, S.M. (1989). Changes in some chemical characteristics and lipid composition of salted bouri fish muscle (Mugil cephalus). Food Chem., 31(1): 41-50. https://dx.doi.org//0.1016/0308-8146
Fath El-Bab, G.F.A. (2005). Health hazard associated with salted fish in Egyptian market. Egyp. J. Agric. Res., 83(1): 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2012.09.002
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. (2020). Species by family/subfamily. California: Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Science. Electronic version accessed 6 April 2020. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2019). Fish Base. World Wide Web electronic publication. (Version 12/ 2019). http://www.fishbase.org./
Gates, K.W. (2015). Seafood processing: technology, quality and safety. J. Aquat. Food Product Technol., 24(1): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2014.954475
Guiné, R. (2018). The drying of foods and its effect on the physical-chemical, sensorial and nutritional properties. Int. J. Food Eng., 2(4): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijfe.4.2.93-100
Hardoko, H. & Utami, S. (2020). Chemical-physical properties characterization of white snapper fish skin rambak crackers based on boiling and drying duration. J. Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 12(1): 122-130. http://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i1.14842
Hernandez-Perez, J.A.; Garcia-Alvarado, M.A.; Trystram, G. & Heyd, B. (2004). Neural networks for the heat and mass transfer prediction during drying of cassava and mango. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 5: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2003.10.004
Huss, H.H. (1995). Quality and Quality Changes in Fresh Fish. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, No. 348. Rome, FAO: 195pp.
Kiin-Kabari, D.B. & Obasi, N. (2020). Effect of drying on the rehydration properties of some selected shellfish. Asian Food Sci. J., 14(1): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.9734/AFSJ/2020/v14i130122
Krokida, M.K. & Morinos-Kouris, D. (2003). Rehydration kinetics of dehydrated products. J. Food Eng., 57: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S02608774(02)00214-5
Kubra, K., Hoque, M. S., Hossen, S., Husna, A.U., Azam, M., Sharker, M.R. & Ali, M. M. (2020). Fish drying and socio-economic condition of dried fish producers in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 28(3): 182-192. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2020.182.192
Kumar, Y. (2015). Application of microwave in food drying. Int. J. Eng. Stu. Tech. Apr., 1(6): 9-24. http://ijesta.com/upcomingissue/02.06.2015.pdf
Lasisi, O.I.; Fapetu, O.P. & Akinola, A.O. (2020). Development of a solar dryer incorporated with a thermal storage mechanism. Dev. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res. Eng., 6(1): 134-146. http://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2020.33694
Lim, G.W.; Jafarzadeh, S. & Norazatul Hanim, M.R. (2020). Kinetic study, optimization and comparison of sun drying and superheated steam drying of asam gelugor (Garcinia cambogia). Food Res., 4(2): 396-406. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).288
Lithi, U.J.; Surovi, S.; Faridullah, M. & Roy, K.C. (2020). Effects of drying technique on the quality of Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) dried by solar tent dryer and open sun rack dryer. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish., 7(1): 121-128. https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i1.46840
Majeed, G.H. & Al-Hilphy, A.R.S. (2007). Design of a solar dryer provided with back and heating systems and its testing in the drying of fishes and meats. J. Basrah Res., 33(3): 20-30. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=57643
Mohamed, A.R.M.; Abood, A.N. & Hussein, S.A. (2016). Comparative taxonomical study of four mullet species )Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) from Iraqi marine waters, Arabian Gulf. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 23(2): 11-23. (In Arabic). https://iasj.net/iasjAdmin?func=fulltext&aId=120189
Nur, I.T.; Ghosh, B.K. & Acharjee, M. (2020). Comparative microbiological analysis of raw fishes and sun-dried fishes collected from the Kawran bazaar in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Food Res., 4(3), 846-851. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(3).368
O?zilgen, M. (1998). Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications. CRC.: 518pp. https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Food-Process-Modeling-and-Statistical-QualityControl/Ozilgen/p/book/9781439814864
Pan, Z. & Atungulu G.G. (2011). Infrared Heating for Food and Agricultural Processing. CRC Press: 300pp. https://www.routledge.com/Infrared-Heating-for-Food-and-Agricultural-Processing/Pan-Atungulu/p/book/9780367383787
Patir, B.; Gurelinanli, A.; Oksuztepe, G. & Irfan Ilhak, O. (2006). Microbiological and chemical qualities of salted grey mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichii Pallas, 1811). Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 1(2): 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.003
Pochont, N.R.; Mohammad, M.N.; Pradeep, B.T. & Kumar, P.V. (2020). A comparative study of drying kinetics and quality of Indian red chilli in solar hybrid greenhouse drying and open sun drying. Mater. Today Proc., 21: 286-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.433
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